G Amrit, Ray Satyashree, Mohapatra Soumyashree
Orthopaedics, Srirama Chandra Bhanja (SCB) Medical College, Cuttack, IND.
Anatomy, Srirama Chandra Bhanja (SCB) Medical College, Cuttack, IND.
Cureus. 2023 Aug 23;15(8):e43991. doi: 10.7759/cureus.43991. eCollection 2023 Aug.
Background Cadaver dissection plays an important role in learning anatomy. A surgeon must have a thorough knowledge of anatomy of the operating region to perform safe surgery. Skill laboratories give opportunities to surgeons to practice on cadavers before venturing onto real patients. The most common method of cadaver preservation is through formalin fixation. In the process of fixation, formalin destroys the tissue characteristics and also has issues such as smell, eye irritation, hardening of tissue, and risk of carcinogenesis. The Thiel embalming technique and its modifications were developed to address those issues. Our primary objective was to find the benefits of soft embalmed cadavers over formalin-fixed bodies and, secondly, to find out microbial flora in soft embalmed cadavers. Study design This is a basic study. Methods Four cadavers were prepared for the soft embalming purpose for our workshop for surgeons on spine fixation. Due to unavailability, we replaced 4-chloro-3-methylphenol 1% with phenol 1%. The bodies were preserved in refrigerators at 4C before being used for the workshop purpose. The delegates and faculties were given a questionnaire to assess their experience of the cadavers in terms of odor, irritation, tissue characteristics, joint mobility, and imaging characteristics. The results were calculated using statistical analysis. Swabs were taken from a few of the cadavers for culture to find the organisms. Results There were 14 questions in the questionnaire, and the data collected were divided into two groups, faculties, and delegates. JASP software was used to analyze the data. The questions addressed various aspects of cadavers such as color, odor, tissue pliability, joint flexibility, imaging characteristics, mucosal irritation, and earlier experience in working with cadavers. Cronbach α was used to find the correlation between the various characteristics analyzed. The authors intend to name the domains being measured: surgical suitability (scores of items 8 to 12), imaging suitability (scores of items 5 and 6), and smell score (scores of items 5 and 6). It can be a guide to constructing and refining a better quantitative scale to measure the "quality of soft-embalmed cadavers for surgical training." Conclusions Skill laboratories give opportunities to young surgeons and trainees to learn and improve their skills before applying them to real patients. This was our first attempt to develop soft embalmed cadavers at our center and our state. We used the parent solution with some variations as per the availability of chemicals at our place and found that the features of the preserved cadavers were good and well-suited to address our purpose. Therefore, with some variations in the parent formulations, centers situated in remote and less developed places can formulate their own solution to develop soft embalmed cadavers and establish cadaver skill laboratories. This will benefit the local surgeons and trainees. The authors tried to develop a few domains through statistical analysis, which can be used to assess and compare the quality of cadavers prepared at various centers.
背景 尸体解剖在解剖学学习中起着重要作用。外科医生必须全面了解手术区域的解剖结构，才能进行安全的手术。技能实验室为外科医生提供了在接触真实患者之前在尸体上进行练习的机会。尸体保存最常用的方法是福尔马林固定。在固定过程中，福尔马林会破坏组织特性，还存在气味、刺激眼睛、组织硬化和致癌风险等问题。蒂尔防腐技术及其改进方法就是为解决这些问题而开发的。我们的主要目标是找出软防腐尸体相对于福尔马林固定尸体的优势，其次是找出软防腐尸体中的微生物菌群。
研究设计 这是一项基础研究。
方法 为我们针对脊柱固定外科医生举办的研讨会，准备了4具用于软防腐的尸体。由于无法获取，我们用1%的苯酚替代了1%的4-氯-3-甲基苯酚。在用于研讨会之前，尸体保存在4℃的冰箱中。向代表和教员发放了一份问卷，以评估他们在气味、刺激、组织特性、关节活动度和成像特性方面对尸体的体验。使用统计分析计算结果。从几具尸体上采集拭子进行培养，以找出微生物。
结果 问卷中有14个问题，收集到的数据分为两组，教员组和代表组。使用JASP软件分析数据。这些问题涉及尸体的各个方面，如颜色、气味、组织柔韧性、关节灵活性、成像特性、黏膜刺激以及以往处理尸体的经验。使用克朗巴哈α系数来找出所分析的各种特性之间的相关性。作者打算为所测量的领域命名：手术适用性（第8至12项的得分）、成像适用性（第5和6项的得分）以及气味得分（第5和6项的得分）。这可以作为构建和完善一个更好的定量量表的指南，以衡量“用于外科训练的软防腐尸体的质量”。
结论 技能实验室为年轻外科医生和实习生提供了在将技能应用于真实患者之前学习和提高技能的机会。这是我们中心和所在州首次尝试开发软防腐尸体。我们根据当地化学品的可获取情况对母液进行了一些调整，发现保存的尸体特征良好，非常适合我们的目的。因此，通过对母液配方进行一些调整，位于偏远和欠发达地区的中心可以制定自己的配方来开发软防腐尸体并建立尸体技能实验室。这将使当地外科医生和实习生受益。作者试图通过统计分析开发几个领域，可用于评估和比较不同中心制备的尸体质量。
