Australian Institute for Microbiology and Infection, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Australian Centre for Genomic Epidemiological Microbiology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Nat Rev Genet. 2024 Feb;25(2):142-157. doi: 10.1038/s41576-023-00649-y. Epub 2023 Sep 25.
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) - the ability of microorganisms to adapt and survive under diverse chemical selection pressures - is influenced by complex interactions between humans, companion and food-producing animals, wildlife, insects and the environment. To understand and manage the threat posed to health (human, animal, plant and environmental) and security (food and water security and biosecurity), a multifaceted 'One Health' approach to AMR surveillance is required. Genomic technologies have enabled monitoring of the mobilization, persistence and abundance of AMR genes and mutations within and between microbial populations. Their adoption has also allowed source-tracing of AMR pathogens and modelling of AMR evolution and transmission. Here, we highlight recent advances in genomic AMR surveillance and the relative strengths of different technologies for AMR surveillance and research. We showcase recent insights derived from One Health genomic surveillance and consider the challenges to broader adoption both in developed and in lower- and middle-income countries.
抗微生物药物耐药性（AMR）——微生物在各种化学选择压力下适应和存活的能力——受到人类、伴侣动物和生产动物、野生动物、昆虫和环境之间复杂相互作用的影响。为了了解和管理对健康（人类、动物、植物和环境）和安全（粮食和水安全以及生物安全）构成的威胁，需要采取具有多方面的“同一健康”方法来监测抗微生物药物耐药性。基因组技术使我们能够监测 AMR 基因和突变在微生物种群内部和之间的转移、持续存在和丰度。采用这些技术还可以追踪 AMR 病原体的来源，并对 AMR 进化和传播进行建模。在这里，我们重点介绍了基因组 AMR 监测方面的最新进展，以及不同技术在 AMR 监测和研究方面的相对优势。我们展示了从同一健康基因组监测中获得的最新见解，并考虑了在发达国家和中低收入国家更广泛采用这些技术所面临的挑战。
