McGrath Leah J, Moran Mary M, Alfred Tamuno, Reimbaeva Maya, Di Fusco Manuela, Khan Farid, Welch Verna L, Malhotra Deepa, Cane Alejandro, Lopez Santiago M C
Pfizer Inc., New York, NY, United States.
Front Pediatr. 2023 Sep 11;11:1261046. doi: 10.3389/fped.2023.1261046. eCollection 2023.
We compared hospitalization outcomes of young children hospitalized with COVID-19 to those hospitalized with influenza in the United States.
Patients aged 0-<5 years hospitalized with an admission diagnosis of acute COVID-19 (April 2021-March 2022) or influenza (April 2019-March 2020) were selected from the PINC AI Healthcare Database Special Release. Hospitalization outcomes included length of stay (LOS), intensive care unit (ICU) admission, oxygen supplementation, and mechanical ventilation (MV). Inverse probability of treatment weighting was used to adjust for confounders in logistic regression analyses.
Among children hospitalized with COVID-19 ( = 4,839; median age: 0 years), 21.3% had an ICU admission, 19.6% received oxygen supplementation, 7.9% received MV support, and 0.5% died. Among children hospitalized with influenza ( = 4,349; median age: 1 year), 17.4% were admitted to the ICU, 26.7% received oxygen supplementation, 7.6% received MV support, and 0.3% died. Compared to children hospitalized with influenza, those with COVID-19 were more likely to have an ICU admission (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.34; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.21-1.48). However, children with COVID-19 were less likely to receive oxygen supplementation (aOR: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.64-0.78), have a prolonged LOS (aOR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.75-0.88), or a prolonged ICU stay (aOR: 0.56; 95% CI: 0.46-0.68). The likelihood of receiving MV was similar (aOR: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.81, 1.1).
Hospitalized children with either SARS-CoV-2 or influenza had severe complications including ICU admission and oxygen supplementation. Nearly 10% received MV support. Both SARS-CoV-2 and influenza have the potential to cause severe illness in young children.
我们比较了美国感染新冠病毒住院的幼儿与感染流感住院的幼儿的住院结局。
从PINC AI医疗数据库特别版中选取2021年4月至2022年3月因急性新冠病毒感染入院诊断（0至<5岁）或2019年4月至2020年3月因流感入院诊断（0至<5岁）的患者。住院结局包括住院时长（LOS）、重症监护病房（ICU）收治、吸氧和机械通气（MV）。在逻辑回归分析中，使用治疗权重的逆概率来调整混杂因素。
在感染新冠病毒住院的儿童中（n = 4839；中位年龄：0岁），21.3%入住ICU，19.6%接受吸氧，7.9%接受MV支持，0.5%死亡。在感染流感住院的儿童中（n = 4349；中位年龄：1岁），17.4%入住ICU，26.7%接受吸氧，7.6%接受MV支持，0.3%死亡。与感染流感住院的儿童相比，感染新冠病毒的儿童更有可能入住ICU（调整后的优势比[aOR]：1.34；95%置信区间[CI]：1.21 - 1.48）。然而，感染新冠病毒的儿童接受吸氧的可能性较小（aOR：0.71；95% CI：0.64 - 0.78），住院时长延长的可能性较小（aOR：0.81；95% CI：0.75 - 0.88），或在ICU停留时间延长的可能性较小（aOR：0.56；95% CI：0.46 - 0.68）。接受MV的可能性相似（aOR：0.94；95% CI：0.81，1.1）。
感染SARS-CoV-2或流感的住院儿童出现了包括入住ICU和吸氧在内的严重并发症。近10%接受了MV支持。SARS-CoV-2和流感都有可能在幼儿中导致严重疾病。
