CDC COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Clin Infect Dis. 2023 Feb 8;76(3):e450-e459. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciac388.
Influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2 are significant causes of respiratory illness in children.
Influenza- and COVID-19-associated hospitalizations among children <18 years old were analyzed from FluSurv-NET and COVID-NET, 2 population-based surveillance systems with similar catchment areas and methodology. The annual COVID-19-associated hospitalization rate per 100 000 during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic (1 October 2020-30 September 2021) was compared with influenza-associated hospitalization rates during the 2017-2018 through 2019-2020 influenza seasons. In-hospital outcomes, including intensive care unit (ICU) admission and death, were compared.
Among children <18 years, the COVID-19-associated hospitalization rate (48.2) was higher than influenza-associated hospitalization rates: 2017-2018 (33.5), 2018-2019 (33.8), and 2019-2020 (41.7). The COVID-19-associated hospitalization rate was higher among adolescents 12-17 years old (COVID-19: 59.9; influenza range: 12.2-14.1), but similar or lower among children 5-11 (COVID-19: 25.0; influenza range: 24.3-31.7) and 0-4 (COVID-19: 66.8; influenza range: 70.9-91.5) years old. Among children <18 years, a higher proportion with COVID-19 required ICU admission compared with influenza (26.4% vs 21.6%; P < .01). Pediatric deaths were uncommon during both COVID-19- and influenza-associated hospitalizations (0.7% vs 0.5%; P = .28).
In the setting of extensive mitigation measures during the COVID-19 pandemic, the annual COVID-19-associated hospitalization rate during 2020-2021 was higher among adolescents and similar or lower among children <12 years compared with influenza during the 3 seasons before the COVID-19 pandemic. COVID-19 adds substantially to the existing burden of pediatric hospitalizations and severe outcomes caused by influenza and other respiratory viruses.
流感病毒和 SARS-CoV-2 是导致儿童呼吸道疾病的重要原因。
对 FluSurv-NET 和 COVID-NET 这两个具有相似集水区和方法的基于人群的监测系统中，年龄<18 岁的儿童因流感和 COVID-19 住院的情况进行了分析。比较了 2020 年 10 月 1 日至 2021 年 9 月 30 日大流行期间 COVID-19 相关住院率（每 10 万人每年）与 2017-2018 年至 2019-2020 年流感季节的流感相关住院率。比较了住院期间的结局，包括入住重症监护病房（ICU）和死亡。
年龄<18 岁的儿童 COVID-19 相关住院率（48.2）高于流感相关住院率：2017-2018 年（33.5）、2018-2019 年（33.8）和 2019-2020 年（41.7）。12-17 岁青少年的 COVID-19 相关住院率较高（COVID-19：59.9；流感范围：12.2-14.1），但 5-11 岁（COVID-19：25.0；流感范围：24.3-31.7）和 0-4 岁（COVID-19：66.8；流感范围：70.9-91.5）儿童的住院率相似或更低。<18 岁的儿童中，COVID-19 住院患者需要 ICU 治疗的比例高于流感（26.4% vs 21.6%；P<.01）。COVID-19 和流感相关住院期间儿科死亡均较为罕见（0.7% vs 0.5%；P=.28）。
在 COVID-19 大流行期间采取广泛缓解措施的情况下，2020-2021 年 COVID-19 相关住院率在青少年中较高，在<12 岁儿童中与 COVID-19 大流行前 3 个季节的流感相似或更低。COVID-19 大大增加了流感和其他呼吸道病毒导致的儿科住院和严重结局的现有负担。
