Murai Toshiyuki, Matsuda Satoru
Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Japan.
Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Kita-Uoya Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan.
Epigenomes. 2023 Sep 1;7(3):20. doi: 10.3390/epigenomes7030020.
Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, are caused by a combination of multiple events that damage neuronal function. A well-characterized biomarker of neurodegeneration is the accumulation of proteinaceous aggregates in the brain. However, the gradually worsening symptoms of neurodegenerative diseases are unlikely to be solely due to the result of a mutation in a single gene, but rather a multi-step process involving epigenetic changes. Recently, it has been suggested that a fraction of epigenetic alternations may be correlated to neurodegeneration in the brain. Unlike DNA mutations, epigenetic alterations are reversible, and therefore raise the possibilities for therapeutic intervention, including dietary modifications. Additionally, reactive oxygen species may contribute to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease through epigenetic alternation. Given that the antioxidant properties of plant-derived phytochemicals are likely to exhibit pleiotropic effects against ROS-mediated epigenetic alternation, dietary intervention may be promising for the management of neurodegeneration in these diseases. In this review, the state-of-the-art applications using single-cell multimodal omics approaches, including epigenetics, and dietary approaches for the identification of novel biomarkers and therapeutic approaches for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases are discussed.
神经退行性疾病，如阿尔茨海默病和帕金森病，是由多种损害神经元功能的事件共同引起的。神经退行性变的一个特征明确的生物标志物是大脑中蛋白质聚集体的积累。然而，神经退行性疾病症状的逐渐恶化不太可能仅仅是由于单个基因突变的结果，而更可能是一个涉及表观遗传变化的多步骤过程。最近，有人提出一部分表观遗传改变可能与大脑中的神经退行性变相关。与DNA突变不同，表观遗传改变是可逆的，因此增加了包括饮食调整在内的治疗干预的可能性。此外，活性氧可能通过表观遗传改变促进阿尔茨海默病和帕金森病的发病机制。鉴于植物源植物化学物质的抗氧化特性可能对ROS介导的表观遗传改变具有多效性作用，饮食干预可能对这些疾病中神经退行性变的管理很有前景。在这篇综述中，讨论了使用单细胞多组学方法（包括表观遗传学）的最新应用，以及用于识别新型生物标志物的饮食方法和治疗神经退行性疾病的治疗方法。
