Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
HealthBioCare GmbH, Vienna, Austria.
J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2022 Aug 2;19(1):455-473. doi: 10.1080/15502783.2022.2106148. eCollection 2022.
Regular, especially sustained exercise plays an important role in the prevention and treatment of multiple chronic diseases. Some of the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms behind the adaptive response to physical activity are still unclear, but recent findings suggest a possible role of epigenetic mechanisms, especially miRNAs, in the progression and management of exercise-related changes. Due to the combination of the analysis of epigenetic biomarkers (miRNAs), the intake of food and supplements, and genetic dispositions, a "fitness score" was evaluated to assess the individual response to nutrition, exercise, and metabolic influence.
In response to a 12-week sports intervention, we analyzed genetic and epigenetic biomarkers in capillary blood from 61 sedentary, healthy participants (66.1% females, 33.9% males, mean age 33 years), including methylation, three SNPs, and ten miRNAs using HRM and qPCR analysis. These biomarkers were also analyzed in a healthy, age- and sex-matched control group (n, 20) without intervention. Food frequency intake, including dietary supplement intake, and general health questionnaires were surveyed under the supervision of trained staff.
Exercise training decreased the expression of miR-20a-5p, -22-5p, and -505-3p (p < 0.02) and improved the "fitness score," which estimates eight different lifestyle factors to assess, nutrition, inflammation, cardiovascular fitness, injury risk, regeneration, muscle and hydration status, as well as stress level. In addition, we were able to determine correlations between individual miRNAs, miR-20a-5p, -22-5p, and -101-3p (p < 0.04), and the genetic predisposition for endurance and/or strength and obesity risk (, and ), as well as between miRNAs and the body composition (p < 0.05). MiR-19b-3p and -101-3p correlated with the intake of B vitamins. Further, miR-19b-3p correlated with magnesium and miR-378a-3p with iron intake (p < 0.05).
In summary, our results indicate that a combined analysis of several biomarkers (miRNAs) can provide information about an individual's training adaptions/fitness, body composition, nutritional needs, and possible recovery. In contrast to most studies using muscle biopsies, we were able to show that these biomarkers can also be measured using a minimally invasive method.
定期运动，特别是持续运动，在预防和治疗多种慢性病方面发挥着重要作用。然而，运动适应的一些潜在分子和细胞机制仍不清楚，但最近的研究结果表明，表观遗传机制，特别是 microRNA（miRNA），可能在运动相关变化的发生和管理中发挥作用。由于对表观遗传生物标志物（miRNA）、饮食和补充剂的摄入以及遗传倾向的综合分析，可以评估“健康评分”，以评估个体对营养、运动和代谢影响的反应。
在一项为期 12 周的运动干预中，我们分析了 61 名久坐、健康参与者（66.1%女性，33.9%男性，平均年龄 33 岁）毛细血管血液中的遗传和表观遗传生物标志物，包括甲基化、三个 SNP 和十个 miRNA，使用 HRM 和 qPCR 分析。还对 20 名无干预的健康、年龄和性别匹配的对照组（n）进行了分析。在经过培训的工作人员的监督下，对饮食频率摄入，包括饮食补充剂摄入和一般健康问卷进行了调查。
运动训练降低了 miR-20a-5p、-22-5p 和 -505-3p 的表达（p<0.02），并改善了“健康评分”，该评分估计了八项不同的生活方式因素，以评估营养、炎症、心血管健康、受伤风险、再生、肌肉和水合状态以及压力水平。此外，我们还能够确定个体 miRNA、miR-20a-5p、-22-5p 和 -101-3p 之间的相关性（p<0.04），以及与耐力和/或力量和肥胖风险的遗传易感性（rs10757278、rs1260326 和 rs10939963）之间的相关性，以及与身体成分之间的相关性（p<0.05）。miR-19b-3p 和 -101-3p 与 B 族维生素的摄入有关。此外，miR-19b-3p 与镁有关，miR-378a-3p 与铁的摄入有关（p<0.05）。
总之，我们的研究结果表明，对几个生物标志物（miRNA）的综合分析可以提供关于个体训练适应/健康状况、身体成分、营养需求和可能恢复的信息。与大多数使用肌肉活检的研究不同，我们能够表明，这些生物标志物也可以使用微创方法进行测量。
