Renaghan Eric, Wittels Harrison L, Feigenbaum Luis A, Wishon Michael Joseph, Chong Stephanie, Wittels Eva Danielle, Hendricks Stephanie, Hecocks Dustin, Bellamy Kyle, Girardi Joe, Lee Stephen, Vo Tri, McDonald Samantha M, Wittels S Howard
Department of Athletics, Sports Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33146, USA.
Tiger Tech Solutions, Inc., Miami, FL 33156, USA.
J Funct Morphol Kinesiol. 2023 Sep 12;8(3):134. doi: 10.3390/jfmk8030134.
Fully restoring autonomic nervous system (ANS) function is paramount for peak sports performance. Training programs failing to provide sufficient recovery, especially during the in-season, may negatively affect performance. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of the physiological workload of collegiate football training on ANS recovery and function during the in-season. Football athletes recruited from a D1 college in the southeastern US were prospectively followed during their 13-week "in-season". Athletes wore armband monitors equipped with ECG and inertial movement capabilities that measured exercise cardiac load (ECL; total heartbeats) and maximum running speed during and baseline heart rate (HR), HR variability (HRV) 24 h post-training. These metrics represented physiological load (ECL = HR·Duration), ANS function, and recovery, respectively. Linear regression models evaluated the associations between ECL, baseline HR, HRV, and maximum running speed. Athletes (n = 30) were 20.2 ± 1.5 years, mostly non-Hispanic Black (80.0%). Negative associations were observed between acute and cumulative exposures of ECLs and running speed (β = -0.11 ± 0.00, < 0.0000 and β = -0.15 ± 0.04, < 0.0000, respectively). Similarly, negative associations were found between baseline HR and running speed (β = -0.45 ± 0.12, 95% CI: -0.70, -0.19; = 0.001). HRV metrics were positively associated with running speed: (SDNN: β = 0.32 ± 0.09, < 0.03 and rMSSD: β = 0.35 ± 0.11, < 0.02). Our study demonstrated that exposure to high ECLs, both acutely and cumulatively, may negatively influence maximum running speed, which may manifest in a deteriorating ANS. Further research should continue identifying optimal training: recovery ratios during off-, pre-, and in-season phases.
完全恢复自主神经系统（ANS）功能对于达到最佳运动表现至关重要。训练计划若未能提供足够的恢复时间，尤其是在赛季期间，可能会对运动表现产生负面影响。本研究旨在评估美国东南部一所一级大学橄榄球训练的生理负荷对赛季期间ANS恢复和功能的影响。从美国东南部一所一级大学招募的橄榄球运动员在为期13周的“赛季中”被前瞻性跟踪。运动员佩戴配备心电图和惯性运动功能的臂带监测器，测量运动心脏负荷（ECL；总心跳数）以及训练期间和训练后24小时的最大跑步速度、静息心率（HR）、心率变异性（HRV）。这些指标分别代表生理负荷（ECL = HR·持续时间）、ANS功能和恢复情况。线性回归模型评估了ECL、静息心率、HRV和最大跑步速度之间的关联。运动员（n = 30）年龄为20.2±1.5岁，大多数为非西班牙裔黑人（80.0%）。观察到ECL的急性和累积暴露与跑步速度之间存在负相关（β = -0.11±0.00，P < 0.0000和β = -0.15±0.04，P < 0.0000）。同样，静息心率与跑步速度之间也存在负相关（β = -0.45±0.12，95%置信区间：-0.70，-0.19；P = 0.001）。HRV指标与跑步速度呈正相关：（SDNN：β = 0.32±0.09，P < 0.03；rMSSD：β = 0.35±0.11，P < 0.02）。我们的研究表明，急性和累积暴露于高ECL可能会对最大跑步速度产生负面影响，这可能表现为ANS功能恶化。进一步的研究应继续确定休赛期、季前赛和赛季期间的最佳训练与恢复比例。
