School of Health Sciences, University of Notre Dame Australia, 33 Phillimore Street, Fremantle, WA, 6959, Australia.
Centre for Exercise and Sport Science Research, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia.
Sports Med. 2018 Jan;48(1):45-55. doi: 10.1007/s40279-017-0783-2.
The sport of American football (AmF) exposes athletes to high-velocity movements and frequent collisions during competition and training, placing them at risk of contact and non-contact injury. Due to the combative nature of the game, the majority of injuries are caused by player contact; however, a significant number are also non-contact soft-tissue injuries. The literature suggests that this mechanism of injury can be prevented through workload monitoring and management. The recent introduction of microtechnology into AmF allows practitioners and coaches to quantify the external workload of training and competition to further understand the demands of the sport. Significant workload differences exist between positions during training and competition; coupling this with large differences in anthropometric and physical characteristics between and within positions suggests that the training response and physiological adaptations will be highly individual. Effective athlete monitoring and management allows practitioners and coaches to identify how athletes are coping with the prescribed training load and, subsequently, if they are prepared for competition. Several evidence-based principles exist that can be adapted and applied to AmF and could decrease the risk of injury and optimise athletic performance.
美式橄榄球（AmF）运动使运动员在比赛和训练中面临高速运动和频繁碰撞，使他们面临接触和非接触性损伤的风险。由于比赛的竞争性，大多数伤害是由球员接触造成的；然而，也有相当数量的非接触性软组织损伤。文献表明，通过工作量监测和管理可以预防这种损伤机制。最近，微技术被引入 AmF，使从业者和教练能够量化训练和比赛的外部工作量，以进一步了解这项运动的要求。在训练和比赛中，不同位置之间的工作量存在显著差异；再加上不同位置之间以及位置内部的人体测量和身体特征存在巨大差异，这表明训练反应和生理适应将具有高度的个体性。有效的运动员监测和管理可以让从业者和教练了解运动员如何应对规定的训练负荷，进而了解他们是否为比赛做好了准备。有一些基于证据的原则可以被改编并应用于 AmF，这可以降低受伤风险，优化运动员表现。
