Bilandžić Nina, Varga Ines, Varenina Ivana, Solomun Kolanović Božica, Božić Luburić Đurđica, Đokić Maja, Sedak Marija, Cvetnić Luka, Cvetnić Željko
Laboratory for Residue Control, Department of Veterinary Public Health, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska Cesta 143, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
Laboratory for Mastitis and Raw Milk Quality, Department for Bacteriology and Parasitology, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska Cesta 143, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
Foods. 2022 Jul 1;11(13):1959. doi: 10.3390/foods11131959.
This study's objective was to estimate the seasonal occurrence of aflatoxin M (AFM) in cow's milk between winter 2016 and winter 2022 and to assess dietary exposure and risk assessment for the adult Croatian population. In total, 5817 cow milk samples were screened for AFM concentrations using the enzyme immunoassay assay (ELISA). For confirmation purposes of AFM concentration above the European Union maximum permitted level (MRL), ultra high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry was performed. In 94.7% of milk samples, AFM levels were below the detection limit (LOD) of the ELISA test. For 3.47% of samples, the AFM was between the LOD and MRL values. Only 1.87% of all samples exceeded the MRL. The mean value of elevated AFM in different seasons ranged between 59.2 ng/kg (autumn 2017) and 387.8 ng/kg (autumn 2021). The highest incidences of positive AFM were determined in autumn and winter and the maximum (6.4%) was in winter 2019/2020. The largest percentage of positive samples (69.7%) was found in central Croatia. The estimated daily intakes for positive samples ranged between 0.17 and 2.82 ng/kg body weight/day. Risk assessment indicated a high level of concern during autumn and winter, especially for consumers of large amounts of milk.
本研究的目的是估计2016年冬季至2022年冬季牛奶中黄曲霉毒素M（AFM）的季节性出现情况，并评估克罗地亚成年人群的膳食暴露和风险评估。总共使用酶免疫分析法（ELISA）对5817份牛奶样本进行了AFM浓度筛查。为了确认AFM浓度是否高于欧盟最大允许水平（MRL），采用了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法。在94.7%的牛奶样本中，AFM水平低于ELISA检测的检测限（LOD）。在3.47%的样本中，AFM处于LOD和MRL值之间。所有样本中只有1.87%超过了MRL。不同季节AFM升高的平均值在59.2纳克/千克（2017年秋季）至387.8纳克/千克（2021年秋季）之间。AFM阳性的最高发生率在秋季和冬季确定，最高值（6.4%）出现在2019/2020年冬季。阳性样本比例最高（69.7%）的是克罗地亚中部地区。阳性样本的估计每日摄入量在0.17至2.82纳克/千克体重/天之间。风险评估表明，秋季和冬季存在高度关注，特别是对于大量饮用牛奶的消费者。
