Department of Psychological Science, University of Arkansas, 216 Memorial Hall, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA.
Mem Cognit. 2024 Feb;52(2):390-400. doi: 10.3758/s13421-023-01468-6. Epub 2023 Sep 27.
Previous research established that readers acquire accurate and inaccurate information from fiction. The current study explored factors that might moderate these effects. Participants read fictional stories that each contained three assertions. The first two assertions in each story were either correct information or implausible misinformation, allowing a manipulation of the (implicit) credibility of the narrator. The last assertion in each story was the critical one, and was correct information, implausible misinformation, or plausible misinformation. After reading, participants answered general knowledge questions that were related to the critical assertions they encountered during reading. Encountering misinformation led to lower accuracy than being presented with correct information, and being presented with plausible misinformation led to higher production of that misinformation. The narrator credibility manipulation interacted with the type of critical assertion: When the critical assertion was presented accurately in a story, credible narrators presenting true critical assertions led to greater accuracy on the general knowledge test than when noncredible narrators presented this same information. These findings are discussed with respect to theories of validation during language comprehension.
先前的研究已经证实，读者可以从小说中获取准确和不准确的信息。本研究探讨了可能调节这些效应的因素。参与者阅读了包含三个断言的虚构故事。每个故事的前两个断言要么是正确的信息，要么是不可信的错误信息，这允许对叙述者的（隐含）可信度进行操纵。每个故事的最后一个断言是关键的，它是正确的信息、不可信的错误信息或可信的错误信息。阅读后，参与者回答了与阅读过程中遇到的关键断言相关的一般知识问题。遇到错误信息会导致准确性低于呈现正确信息，而呈现可信错误信息会导致更多地产生该错误信息。叙述者可信度的操纵与关键断言的类型相互作用：当关键断言在故事中准确呈现时，可信的叙述者呈现真实的关键断言会导致一般知识测试的准确性高于不可信的叙述者呈现相同信息时的准确性。这些发现与语言理解过程中的验证理论有关。
