Kaur Harpreet, Kaur Gurjeet, Gupta Taruna, Mittal Deepti, Ali Syed Azmal
Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute (ICAR-NDRI), Karnal 132001, India.
Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
Biology (Basel). 2023 Sep 1;12(9):1200. doi: 10.3390/biology12091200.
Ruminant production holds a pivotal position within the global animal production and agricultural sectors. As population growth escalates, posing environmental challenges, a heightened emphasis is directed toward refining ruminant production systems. Recent investigations underscore the connection between the composition and functionality of the rumen microbiome and economically advantageous traits in cattle. Consequently, the development of innovative strategies to enhance cattle feed efficiency, while curbing environmental and financial burdens, becomes imperative. The advent of omics technologies has yielded fresh insights into metabolic health fluctuations in dairy cattle, consequently enhancing nutritional management practices. The pivotal role of the rumen microbiome in augmenting feeding efficiency by transforming low-quality feedstuffs into energy substrates for the host is underscored. This microbial community assumes focal importance within gut microbiome studies, contributing indispensably to plant fiber digestion, as well as influencing production and health variability in ruminants. Instances of compromised animal welfare can substantially modulate the microbiological composition of the rumen, thereby influencing production rates. A comprehensive global approach that targets both cattle and their rumen microbiota is paramount for enhancing feed efficiency and optimizing rumen fermentation processes. This review article underscores the factors that contribute to the establishment or restoration of the rumen microbiome post perturbations and the intricacies of host-microbiome interactions. We accentuate the elements responsible for responsible host-microbiome interactions and practical applications in the domains of animal health and production. Moreover, meticulous scrutiny of the microbiome and its consequential effects on cattle production systems greatly contributes to forging more sustainable and resilient food production systems, thereby mitigating the adverse environmental impact.
反刍动物生产在全球动物生产和农业领域中占据着关键地位。随着人口增长加剧并带来环境挑战，人们愈发重视优化反刍动物生产系统。近期研究强调了瘤胃微生物群的组成与功能和牛的经济优势性状之间的联系。因此，开发创新策略以提高牛的饲料效率，同时减轻环境和经济负担，变得势在必行。组学技术的出现为奶牛代谢健康波动提供了新见解，从而改进了营养管理实践。瘤胃微生物群通过将低质量饲料转化为宿主的能量底物来提高饲料效率的关键作用得到了强调。这个微生物群落在肠道微生物群研究中具有核心重要性，对植物纤维消化不可或缺，同时也影响反刍动物的生产和健康变异性。动物福利受损的情况会显著调节瘤胃的微生物组成，进而影响生产效率。针对牛及其瘤胃微生物群的全面全球方法对于提高饲料效率和优化瘤胃发酵过程至关重要。这篇综述文章强调了扰动后瘤胃微生物群建立或恢复的影响因素以及宿主 - 微生物群相互作用的复杂性。我们着重指出了宿主 - 微生物群相互作用的相关因素以及在动物健康和生产领域的实际应用。此外，对微生物群及其对牛生产系统的后续影响进行细致审查，对于构建更具可持续性和恢复力的食品生产系统、从而减轻不利的环境影响大有帮助。
