Shahzadi Chman, Di Serafino Alessandra, Aruffo Eleonora, Mascitelli Alessandra, Di Carlo Piero
Center of Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University of "G. d' Annunzio" Chieti Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
University School for Advanced Studies IUSS Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
Biology (Basel). 2023 Sep 15;12(9):1243. doi: 10.3390/biology12091243.
Airborne microplastics raise significant concerns due to their potential health impacts. Having a small size, larger surface area, and penetrative ability into the biological system, makes them hazardous to health. This review article compiles various studies investigating the mechanism of action of polystyrene micro- and nanoplastics affecting lung epithelial cells A549. These inhalable microplastics damage the respiratory system, by triggering a proinflammatory environment, genotoxicity, oxidative stress, morphological changes, and cytotoxic accumulation in A549 cells. PS-NP lung toxicity depends on various factors such as size, surface modifications, concentration, charge, and zeta potential. However, cellular uptake and cytotoxicity mechanisms depend on the cell type. For A549 cells, PS-NPs are responsible for energy imbalance by mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress-mediated cytotoxicity, immunomodulation, and apoptosis. Additionally, PS-NPs have the ability to traverse the placental barrier, posing a risk to offspring. Despite the advancements, the precise mechanisms underlying how prolonged exposure to PS-NPs leads to the development and progression of lung diseases have unclear points, necessitating further investigations to unravel the root cause. This review also sheds light on data gaps, inconsistencies in PS-Nos research, and provides recommendations for further research in this field.
空气中的微塑料因其潜在的健康影响而引发了重大关注。微塑料尺寸小、表面积大且具有进入生物系统的穿透能力，这使其对健康具有危害性。这篇综述文章汇编了各项研究，这些研究调查了聚苯乙烯微塑料和纳米塑料对肺上皮细胞A549的作用机制。这些可吸入的微塑料通过在A549细胞中引发促炎环境、遗传毒性、氧化应激、形态变化和细胞毒性积累，从而损害呼吸系统。聚苯乙烯纳米颗粒的肺毒性取决于多种因素，如尺寸、表面修饰、浓度、电荷和zeta电位。然而，细胞摄取和细胞毒性机制取决于细胞类型。对于A549细胞，聚苯乙烯纳米颗粒通过线粒体功能障碍、氧化应激介导的细胞毒性、免疫调节和细胞凋亡导致能量失衡。此外，聚苯乙烯纳米颗粒能够穿过胎盘屏障，对后代构成风险。尽管取得了进展，但长期接触聚苯乙烯纳米颗粒如何导致肺部疾病的发生和发展的精确机制仍存在不明确之处，需要进一步研究以揭示其根本原因。本综述还揭示了数据空白、聚苯乙烯纳米颗粒研究中的不一致之处，并为该领域的进一步研究提供了建议。
