Ghosh Shampa, Sinha Jitendra Kumar, Ghosh Soumya, Sharma Hitaishi, Bhaskar Rakesh, Narayanan Kannan Badri
GloNeuro, Sector 107, Vishwakarma Road, Noida 201301, India.
ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India.
Brain Sci. 2023 Sep 11;13(9):1305. doi: 10.3390/brainsci13091305.
Epilepsy is a complex neurological disorder affecting millions worldwide, with a substantial number of patients facing drug-resistant epilepsy. This comprehensive review explores innovative therapies for epilepsy management, focusing on their principles, clinical evidence, and potential applications. Traditional antiseizure medications (ASMs) form the cornerstone of epilepsy treatment, but their limitations necessitate alternative approaches. The review delves into cutting-edge therapies such as responsive neurostimulation (RNS), vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), and deep brain stimulation (DBS), highlighting their mechanisms of action and promising clinical outcomes. Additionally, the potential of gene therapies and optogenetics in epilepsy research is discussed, revealing groundbreaking findings that shed light on seizure mechanisms. Insights into cannabidiol (CBD) and the ketogenic diet as adjunctive therapies further broaden the spectrum of epilepsy management. Challenges in achieving seizure control with traditional therapies, including treatment resistance and individual variability, are addressed. The importance of staying updated with emerging trends in epilepsy management is emphasized, along with the hope for improved therapeutic options. Future research directions, such as combining therapies, AI applications, and non-invasive optogenetics, hold promise for personalized and effective epilepsy treatment. As the field advances, collaboration among researchers of natural and synthetic biochemistry, clinicians from different streams and various forms of medicine, and patients will drive progress toward better seizure control and a higher quality of life for individuals living with epilepsy.
癫痫是一种复杂的神经系统疾病，影响着全球数百万人，大量患者面临耐药性癫痫。这篇综述探讨了癫痫管理的创新疗法，重点关注其原理、临床证据和潜在应用。传统抗癫痫药物（ASMs）是癫痫治疗的基石，但其局限性使得需要采用替代方法。该综述深入研究了前沿疗法，如反应性神经刺激（RNS）、迷走神经刺激（VNS）和脑深部刺激（DBS），突出了它们的作用机制和有前景的临床结果。此外，还讨论了基因疗法和光遗传学在癫痫研究中的潜力，揭示了有助于了解癫痫发作机制的突破性发现。对大麻二酚（CBD）和生酮饮食作为辅助疗法的见解进一步拓宽了癫痫管理的范围。文中还探讨了传统疗法在实现癫痫控制方面面临的挑战，包括治疗抵抗和个体差异。强调了紧跟癫痫管理新趋势的重要性，以及对改善治疗选择的期望。未来的研究方向，如联合疗法、人工智能应用和非侵入性光遗传学，有望实现个性化且有效的癫痫治疗。随着该领域的发展，天然与合成生物化学研究人员、不同医学流派的临床医生以及患者之间的合作将推动在更好地控制癫痫发作和提高癫痫患者生活质量方面取得进展。
