Ronca Vincenzo, Uflaz Esma, Turan Osman, Bantan Hadi, MacKinnon Scott N, Lommi Andrea, Pozzi Simone, Kurt Rafet Emek, Arslan Ozcan, Kurt Yasin Burak, Erdem Pelin, Akyuz Emre, Vozzi Alessia, Di Flumeri Gianluca, Aricò Pietro, Giorgi Andrea, Capotorto Rossella, Babiloni Fabio, Borghini Gianluca
Department of Computer, Control, and Management Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy.
BrainSigns Srl, Industrial Neurosciences Lab, 00198 Rome, Italy.
Brain Sci. 2023 Sep 14;13(9):1319. doi: 10.3390/brainsci13091319.
The current industrial environment relies heavily on maritime transportation. Despite the continuous technological advances for the development of innovative safety software and hardware systems, there is a consistent gap in the scientific literature regarding the objective evaluation of the performance of maritime operators. The human factor is profoundly affected by changes in human performance or psychological state. The difficulty lies in the fact that the technology, tools, and protocols for investigating human performance are not fully mature or suitable for experimental investigation. The present research aims to integrate these two concepts by (i) objectively characterizing the psychological state of mariners, i.e., mental workload, stress, and attention, through their electroencephalographic (EEG) signal analysis, and (ii) validating an innovative safety framework countermeasure, defined as Human Risk-Informed Design (HURID), through the aforementioned neurophysiological approach. The proposed study involved 26 mariners within a high-fidelity bridge simulator while encountering collision risk in congested waters with and without the HURID. Subjective, behavioral, and neurophysiological data, i.e., EEG, were collected throughout the experimental activities. The results showed that the participants experienced a statistically significant higher mental workload and stress while performing the maritime activities without the HURID, while their attention level was statistically lower compared to the condition in which they performed the experiments with the HURID (all < 0.05). Therefore, the presented study confirmed the effectiveness of the HURID during maritime operations in critical scenarios and led the way to extend the neurophysiological evaluation of the HFs of maritime operators during the performance of critical and/or standard shipboard tasks.
当前的工业环境严重依赖海上运输。尽管在开发创新的安全软件和硬件系统方面技术不断进步，但在科学文献中，关于海上操作人员绩效的客观评估仍存在持续的差距。人为因素会受到人类绩效或心理状态变化的深刻影响。难点在于，用于研究人类绩效的技术、工具和协议并不完全成熟，也不适合进行实验研究。本研究旨在通过以下方式整合这两个概念：（i）通过对海员脑电图（EEG）信号的分析，客观地表征他们的心理状态，即心理负荷、压力和注意力；（ii）通过上述神经生理学方法，验证一种创新的安全框架对策，即人为风险知情设计（HURID）。拟议的研究在一个高保真驾驶台模拟器中，让26名海员在有和没有HURID的情况下，在拥挤水域遭遇碰撞风险。在整个实验活动中收集了主观、行为和神经生理学数据，即脑电图。结果表明，在没有HURID的情况下进行海上活动时，参与者的心理负荷和压力在统计学上显著更高，而与有HURID进行实验的情况相比，他们的注意力水平在统计学上更低（所有p<0.05）。因此，本研究证实了HURID在关键场景下海上作业期间的有效性，并为在关键和/或标准船上任务执行期间扩展对海上操作人员人为因素的神经生理学评估指明了方向。
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