Orellana-Urzúa Sofía, Briones-Valdivieso Camilo, Chichiarelli Silvia, Saso Luciano, Rodrigo Ramón
Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile.
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago 8370007, Chile.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2023 Sep 13;12(9):1760. doi: 10.3390/antiox12091760.
Stroke and acute myocardial infarction are leading causes of mortality worldwide. The latter accounts for approximately 9 million deaths annually. In turn, ischemic stroke is a significant contributor to adult physical disability globally. While reperfusion is crucial for tissue recovery, it can paradoxically exacerbate damage through oxidative stress (OS), inflammation, and cell death. Therefore, it is imperative to explore diverse approaches aimed at minimizing ischemia/reperfusion injury to enhance clinical outcomes. OS primarily arises from an excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and/or decreased endogenous antioxidant potential. Natural antioxidant compounds can counteract the injury mechanisms linked to ROS. While promising preclinical results, based on monotherapies, account for protective effects against tissue injury by ROS, translating these models into human applications has yielded controversial evidence. However, since the wide spectrum of antioxidants having diverse chemical characteristics offers varied biological actions on cell signaling pathways, multitherapy has emerged as a valuable therapeutic resource. Moreover, the combination of antioxidants in multitherapy holds significant potential for synergistic effects. This study was designed with the aim of providing an updated overview of natural antioxidants suitable for preventing myocardial and cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injuries.
中风和急性心肌梗死是全球主要的死亡原因。急性心肌梗死每年导致约900万人死亡。反过来，缺血性中风是全球成年人身体残疾的一个重要原因。虽然再灌注对组织恢复至关重要，但它可能会通过氧化应激（OS）、炎症和细胞死亡反而加剧损伤。因此，必须探索各种方法，旨在尽量减少缺血/再灌注损伤，以改善临床结果。氧化应激主要源于活性氧（ROS）的过度产生和/或内源性抗氧化潜力的降低。天然抗氧化化合物可以对抗与活性氧相关的损伤机制。虽然基于单一疗法的临床前研究结果显示出对活性氧引起的组织损伤具有保护作用，但将这些模型转化为人类应用却产生了有争议的证据。然而，由于具有不同化学特性的广泛抗氧化剂对细胞信号通路具有不同的生物学作用，联合疗法已成为一种有价值的治疗资源。此外，联合疗法中抗氧化剂的组合具有显著的协同效应潜力。本研究旨在提供一份适用于预防心肌和脑缺血/再灌注损伤的天然抗氧化剂的最新综述。
