Mitchell Juan, Lo Kevin W-H
School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
Biomedicines. 2023 Sep 11;11(9):2507. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines11092507.
Cell adhesion is essential for cell survival, communication, and regulation, and it is of fundamental importance in the development and maintenance of tissues. Cell adhesion has been widely explored due to its many important roles in the fields of tissue regenerative engineering and cell biology. This is because the mechanical interactions between a cell and its extracellular matrix (ECM) can influence and control cell behavior and function. Currently, biomaterials for regenerative medicine have been heavily investigated as substrates for promoting a cells' adhesive properties and subsequent proliferation, tissue differentiation, and maturation. Specifically, the manipulation of biomaterial surfaces using ECM coatings such as fibronectin extracted from animal-derived ECM have contributed significantly to tissue regenerative engineering as well as basic cell biology research. Additionally, synthetic and natural bioadhesive agents with pronounced abilities to enhance adhesion in numerous biological components and molecules have also been assessed in the field of tissue regeneration. Research into the use of facilitative bioadhesives has aimed to further optimize the biocompatibility, biodegradability, toxicity levels, and crosslinking duration of bioadhesive materials for improved targeted delivery and tissue repair. However, the restrictive drawbacks of some of these bioadhesive and animal-derived materials include the potential risk of disease transmission, immunogenicity, poor reproducibility, impurities, and instability. Therefore, it is necessary for alternative strategies to be sought out to improve the quality of cell adhesion to biomaterials. One promising strategy involves the use of cell-adhesive small molecules. Small molecules are relatively inexpensive, stable, and low-molecular-weight (<1000 Da) compounds with great potential to serve as efficient alternatives to conventional bioadhesives, ECM proteins, and other derived peptides. Over the past few years, a number of cell adhesive small molecules with the potential for tissue regeneration have been reported. In this review, we discuss the current progress using cell adhesive small molecules to regulate tissue regeneration.
细胞黏附对于细胞存活、通讯和调节至关重要，在组织的发育和维持中具有根本重要性。由于细胞黏附在组织再生工程和细胞生物学领域具有许多重要作用，因此已得到广泛研究。这是因为细胞与其细胞外基质（ECM）之间的机械相互作用可以影响和控制细胞行为及功能。目前，用于再生医学的生物材料已被大量研究作为促进细胞黏附特性以及随后的增殖、组织分化和成熟的底物。具体而言，使用诸如从动物源性ECM中提取的纤连蛋白等ECM涂层对生物材料表面进行处理，对组织再生工程以及基础细胞生物学研究做出了重大贡献。此外，在组织再生领域也评估了具有显著增强多种生物成分和分子黏附能力的合成和天然生物黏附剂。对促进性生物黏附剂的研究旨在进一步优化生物黏附材料的生物相容性、生物降解性、毒性水平和交联持续时间，以改善靶向递送和组织修复。然而，这些生物黏附剂和动物源性材料中的一些存在局限性缺点，包括疾病传播的潜在风险、免疫原性、可重复性差、杂质和不稳定性。因此，有必要寻找替代策略来提高细胞对生物材料的黏附质量。一种有前景的策略涉及使用细胞黏附小分子。小分子是相对便宜、稳定且低分子量（<1000 Da）的化合物，具有作为传统生物黏附剂、ECM蛋白和其他衍生肽的有效替代品的巨大潜力。在过去几年中，已经报道了一些具有组织再生潜力的细胞黏附小分子。在本综述中，我们讨论了使用细胞黏附小分子调节组织再生的当前进展。
