Dimitrova Veronika, Stoitsova Savina, Nenova Gergana, Martinova Maria, Yakimova Milena, Rangelova Vanya, Georgieva Irina, Georgiev Ivo, Krumova Stefka, Minkova Antoaneta, Vladimirova Nadezhda, Nikolaeva-Glomb Lubomira
Department of Sociology, Sofia University, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria.
Department of Epidemiology, National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, 1504 Sofia, Bulgaria.
Healthcare (Basel). 2023 Sep 17;11(18):2566. doi: 10.3390/healthcare11182566.
The communication practices of general practitioners in relation with vaccines have not been a topic of wide scientific interest. In this article, we outline them in the context of Bulgaria. A representative, cross-sectional, quantitative, face-to-face survey was conducted among 358 Bulgarian general practitioners in 2022 using simple random sampling. We conducted an exploratory factor analysis using questions about the role of the GPs, which measure models of communication. Based on the factor analysis, we distinguished four communication styles. They were called: active communicator, restrictive communicator, informing communicator, and strained communicator. One-way ANOVA and the T-test were carried out to explore the connections between factor scores (communication styles) and other variables. One of the most important results in the study was that the informing physician (emphasizing the choice of the parents) was the most common model in Bulgaria. This is somewhat contradictory, because of the mandatory status of most vaccines. We found connections between the communication styles and other variables-such as the type of settlement, having a hesitant parent in the practice, recommendations of non-mandatory vaccines, and experience with vaccine-preventable diseases. On the basis of the factor analysis and analysis of relationships with other variables, we reached the conclusion that in Bulgaria, hesitant parents are not sufficiently involved in active, effective communication about vaccines by GPs.
全科医生与疫苗相关的沟通实践并非广泛的科学研究主题。在本文中，我们将在保加利亚的背景下概述这些实践。2022年，我们采用简单随机抽样的方法，对358名保加利亚全科医生进行了一项具有代表性的横断面定量面对面调查。我们使用关于全科医生角色的问题进行探索性因素分析，这些问题衡量沟通模式。基于因素分析，我们区分出四种沟通风格。它们分别被称为：积极沟通者、限制性沟通者、告知性沟通者和紧张沟通者。我们进行了单因素方差分析和T检验，以探究因素得分（沟通风格）与其他变量之间的联系。该研究最重要的结果之一是告知型医生（强调父母的选择）是保加利亚最常见的模式。这有点矛盾，因为大多数疫苗都具有强制性。我们发现沟通风格与其他变量之间存在联系，如居住地类型、诊所中有犹豫不决的父母、非强制性疫苗的推荐以及疫苗可预防疾病的经验。基于因素分析以及与其他变量的关系分析，我们得出结论，在保加利亚，犹豫不决的父母没有充分参与到全科医生关于疫苗的积极、有效沟通中。
