Wang Yuhang, Chen Jun, Su Guangfei, Mei Jiaxi, Li Junyang
School of Electronic Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266000, China.
Micromachines (Basel). 2023 Aug 31;14(9):1710. doi: 10.3390/mi14091710.
Single-cell microrobots are new microartificial devices that use a combination of single cells and artificial devices, with the advantages of small size, easy degradation and ease of manufacture. With externally driven strategies such as light fields, sound fields and magnetic fields, microrobots are able to carry out precise micromanipulations and movements in complex microenvironments. Therefore, single-cell microrobots have received more and more attention and have been greatly developed in recent years. In this paper, we review the main classifications, control methods and recent advances in the field of single-cell microrobot applications. First, different types of robots, such as cell-based microrobots, bacteria-based microrobots, algae-based microrobots, etc., and their design strategies and fabrication processes are discussed separately. Next, three types of external field-driven technologies, optical, acoustic and magnetic, are presented and operations realized in vivo and in vitro by applying these three technologies are described. Subsequently, the results achieved by these robots in the fields of precise delivery, minimally invasive therapy are analyzed. Finally, a short summary is given and current challenges and future work on microbial-based robotics are discussed.
单细胞微型机器人是一种新型的微人工装置，它结合了单细胞和人工装置的优点，具有体积小、易降解、易于制造等特点。借助光场、声场和磁场等外部驱动策略，微型机器人能够在复杂的微环境中进行精确的微操作和移动。因此，单细胞微型机器人近年来受到越来越多的关注并得到了大力发展。在本文中，我们综述了单细胞微型机器人应用领域的主要分类、控制方法和最新进展。首先，分别讨论了不同类型的机器人，如基于细胞的微型机器人、基于细菌的微型机器人、基于藻类的微型机器人等，以及它们的设计策略和制造工艺。接下来，介绍了光学、声学和磁学三种外部场驱动技术，并描述了通过应用这三种技术在体内和体外实现的操作。随后，分析了这些机器人在精确递送、微创治疗等领域取得的成果。最后，给出了简短的总结，并讨论了基于微生物的机器人技术当前面临的挑战和未来的工作。
