Liaqat Iram, Khalid Awais, Rubab Saima, Rashid Farzana, Latif Asma Abdul, Naseem Sajida, Bibi Asia, Khan Bushra Nisar, Ansar Waiza, Javed Arshad, Afzaal Muhammad, Summer Muhammad, Majid Samia, Ali Sikander, Aftab Muhammad Nauman
Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
Department of Physics, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Pakistan.
Microorganisms. 2023 Aug 26;11(9):2163. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms11092163.
Overuse of pesticides in agricultural soil and dye-polluted effluents severely contaminates the environment and is toxic to animals and humans making their removal from the environment essential. The present study aimed to assess the biodegradation of pesticides (cypermethrin (CYP) and imidacloprid (IMI)), and dyes (malachite green (MG) and Congo red (CR)) using biofilms of bacteria isolated from pesticide-contaminated soil and dye effluents. Biofilms of indigenous bacteria, i.e., 2A (OP554568), 4A (OP723332), sp. 5A (OP586601), and 6B (OP586602) individually and in mixed culture were tested against CYP and IMI. Biofilms of indigenous bacteria i.e., AF1 (OP589134), sp. CF3 (OP589135) and sp. DF4 (OP589136) individually and in mixed culture were tested for their ability to degrade dyes. The biofilm of a mixed culture of + sp. (P7) showed 46.2% degradation of CYP compared to the biofilm of a mixed culture of + + sp. + (P11), which showed significantly high degradation (70.0%) of IMI. Regarding dye biodegradation, a mixed culture biofilm of sp. + sp. (D6) showed 86.76% degradation of MG, which was significantly high compared to a mixed culture biofilm of + sp. (D4) that degraded only 30.78% of CR. UV-VIS spectroscopy revealed major peaks at 224 nm, 263 nm, 581 nm and 436 nm for CYP, IMI, MG and CR, respectively, which completely disappeared after treatment with bacterial biofilms. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis showed the appearance of new peaks in degraded metabolites and disappearance of a peak in the control spectrum after biofilm treatment. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) analysis also confirmed the degradation of CYP, IMI, MG and CR into several metabolites compared to the control. The present study demonstrates the biodegradation potential of biofilm-forming bacteria isolated from pesticide-polluted soil and dye effluents against pesticides and dyes. This is the first report demonstrating biofilm-mediated bio-degradation of CYP, IMI, MG and CR utilizing soil and effluent bacterial flora from Multan and Sheikhupura, Punjab, Pakistan.
农业土壤中农药的过度使用以及受染料污染的废水严重污染了环境，并且对动物和人类有毒，因此从环境中去除这些污染物至关重要。本研究旨在评估从受农药污染的土壤和染料废水中分离出的细菌生物膜对农药（氯氰菊酯（CYP）和吡虫啉（IMI））以及染料（孔雀石绿（MG）和刚果红（CR））的生物降解情况。分别测试了本地细菌2A（OP554568）、4A（OP723332）、5A菌（OP586601）和6B（OP586602）的生物膜以及它们的混合培养物对CYP和IMI的降解能力。分别测试了本地细菌AF1（OP589134）、CF3菌（OP589135）和DF4菌（OP589136）的生物膜以及它们的混合培养物对染料的降解能力。与 + + 菌 + （P11）的混合培养物生物膜相比， + 菌（P7）的混合培养物生物膜对CYP的降解率为46.2%，而 + + 菌 + （P11）的混合培养物生物膜对IMI的降解率显著较高（70.0%）。关于染料的生物降解， + 菌（D6）的混合培养物生物膜对MG的降解率为86.76%，与仅降解30.78% CR的 + 菌（D4）的混合培养物生物膜相比，该降解率显著较高。紫外可见光谱显示，CYP、IMI及MG和CR分别在224 nm、263 nm、581 nm和436 nm处有主要峰，在用细菌生物膜处理后这些峰完全消失。傅里叶变换红外（FTIR）分析表明生物膜处理后降解代谢产物中出现了新峰，对照光谱中的一个峰消失。薄层色谱（TLC）分析也证实与对照相比，CYP、IMI、MG和CR降解为几种代谢产物。本研究证明了从受农药污染的土壤和染料废水中分离出的形成生物膜的细菌对农药和染料的生物降解潜力。这是第一份证明利用巴基斯坦旁遮普省木尔坦和谢赫普拉的土壤及废水细菌菌群通过生物膜介导对CYP、IMI、MG和CR进行生物降解的报告。
