Peña-Castro Julián Mario, Muñoz-Páez Karla M, Robledo-Narvaez Paula N, Vázquez-Núñez Edgar
Centro de Investigaciones Científicas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad del Papaloapan, Tuxtepec 68301, Oaxaca, Mexico.
CONAHCYT-Instituto de Ingeniería, Unidad Académica Juriquilla, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Queretaro 76230, Queretaro, Mexico.
Microorganisms. 2023 Aug 31;11(9):2197. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms11092197.
Bacteria and yeast are being intensively used to produce biofuels and high-added-value products by using plant biomass derivatives as substrates. The number of microorganisms available for industrial processes is increasing thanks to biotechnological improvements to enhance their productivity and yield through microbial metabolic engineering and laboratory evolution. This is allowing the traditional industrial processes for biofuel production, which included multiple steps, to be improved through the consolidation of single-step processes, reducing the time of the global process, and increasing the yield and operational conditions in terms of the desired products. Engineered microorganisms are now capable of using feedstocks that they were unable to process before their modification, opening broader possibilities for establishing new markets in places where biomass is available. This review discusses metabolic engineering approaches that have been used to improve the microbial processing of biomass to convert the plant feedstock into fuels. Metabolically engineered microorganisms (MEMs) such as bacteria, yeasts, and microalgae are described, highlighting their performance and the biotechnological tools that were used to modify them. Finally, some examples of patents related to the MEMs are mentioned in order to contextualize their current industrial use.
细菌和酵母正被广泛用于以植物生物质衍生物为底物生产生物燃料和高附加值产品。由于生物技术的进步，通过微生物代谢工程和实验室进化提高了微生物的生产力和产量，可用于工业生产的微生物数量正在增加。这使得传统的多步骤生物燃料生产工业流程得以改进，通过整合单步流程，缩短了整个流程的时间，并提高了所需产品的产量和操作条件。经过工程改造的微生物现在能够利用它们在改造前无法处理的原料，为在有生物质的地方开拓新市场开辟了更广阔的可能性。本综述讨论了用于改善微生物对生物质的处理以将植物原料转化为燃料的代谢工程方法。描述了经过代谢工程改造的微生物（MEM）——如细菌、酵母和微藻，强调了它们的性能以及用于改造它们的生物技术工具。最后，提及了一些与MEM相关的专利示例，以便将它们当前的工业用途置于背景之中。
