Sajdel-Sulkowska Elizabeth M
National Coalition of Independent Scholars (NCIS), Brattleboro, VT 05301, USA.
Microorganisms. 2023 Aug 31;11(9):2199. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms11092199.
Gut microbiota plays a critical role in physiological regulation throughout life and is specifically modified to meet the demands of individual life stages and during pregnancy. Maternal gut microbiota is uniquely adapted to the pregnancy demands of the mother and the developing fetus. Both animal studies in pregnant germ-free rodents and human studies have supported a critical association between the composition of maternal microbiota during pregnancy and fetal development. Gut microbiota may also contribute to the development of the fetal gut-brain axis (GBA), which is increasingly recognized for its critical role in health and disease. Most studies consider birth as the time of GBA activation and focus on postnatal GBA development. This review focuses on GBA development during the prenatal period and the impact of maternal gut microbiota on fetal GBA development. It is hypothesized that adaptation of maternal gut microbiota to pregnancy is critical for the GBA prenatal development and maturation of GBA postnatally. Consequently, factors affecting maternal gut microbiota during pregnancy, such as maternal obesity, diet, stress and depression, infection, and medication, also affect fetal GBA development and are critical for GBA activity postnatally. Altered maternal gut microbiota during gestation has been shown to have long-term impact postnatally and multigenerational effects. Thus, understanding the impact of maternal gut microbiota during pregnancy on fetal GBA development is crucial for managing fetal, neonatal, and adult health, and should be included among public health priorities.
肠道微生物群在整个生命过程中的生理调节中起着关键作用，并会针对个体生命阶段的需求以及孕期进行特异性调整。母体肠道微生物群独特地适应了母亲和发育中胎儿的孕期需求。对无菌妊娠啮齿动物的动物研究和人体研究均支持孕期母体微生物群组成与胎儿发育之间存在重要关联。肠道微生物群还可能有助于胎儿肠-脑轴（GBA）的发育，肠-脑轴在健康和疾病中的关键作用日益受到认可。大多数研究将出生视为肠-脑轴激活的时间，并关注出生后肠-脑轴的发育。本综述聚焦于产前时期的肠-脑轴发育以及母体肠道微生物群对胎儿肠-脑轴发育的影响。据推测，母体肠道微生物群对孕期的适应对于肠-脑轴的产前发育以及产后成熟至关重要。因此，孕期影响母体肠道微生物群的因素，如母体肥胖、饮食、压力和抑郁、感染及药物治疗等，也会影响胎儿肠-脑轴的发育，并且对产后肠-脑轴的活动至关重要。妊娠期母体肠道微生物群的改变已被证明会对产后产生长期影响以及多代效应。因此，了解孕期母体肠道微生物群对胎儿肠-脑轴发育的影响对于管理胎儿、新生儿和成人健康至关重要，应纳入公共卫生优先事项之中。
