Dias Stephanie, Pheiffer Carmen, Adam Sumaiya
Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, Cape Town 7505, South Africa.
Centre for Cardio-Metabolic Research in Africa (CARMA), Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, Cape Town 7505, South Africa.
Microorganisms. 2023 Aug 31;11(9):2217. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms11092217.
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a growing public health concern that affects many pregnancies globally. The condition is associated with adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes including gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, placental abruption, preterm birth, stillbirth, and fetal growth restriction. In the long-term, mothers and children have an increased risk of developing metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Accumulating evidence suggest that alterations in the maternal microbiome may play a role in the pathogenesis of GDM and adverse pregnancy outcomes. This review describes changes in the maternal microbiome during the physiological adaptations of pregnancy, GDM and adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. Findings from this review highlight the importance of understanding the link between the maternal microbiome and GDM. Furthermore, new therapeutic approaches to prevent or better manage GDM are discussed. Further research and clinical trials are necessary to fully realize the therapeutic potential of the maternal microbiome and translate these findings into clinical practice.
妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）是一个日益受到关注的公共卫生问题，全球许多妊娠都会受到影响。这种情况与不良的母婴结局相关，包括妊娠期高血压、先兆子痫、胎盘早剥、早产、死产和胎儿生长受限。从长远来看，母亲和儿童患2型糖尿病和心血管疾病等代谢性疾病的风险会增加。越来越多的证据表明，母体微生物群的改变可能在GDM的发病机制和不良妊娠结局中起作用。这篇综述描述了妊娠生理适应过程中、GDM以及不良母婴结局期间母体微生物群的变化。这篇综述的研究结果突出了理解母体微生物群与GDM之间联系的重要性。此外，还讨论了预防或更好地管理GDM的新治疗方法。需要进一步的研究和临床试验，以充分实现母体微生物群的治疗潜力，并将这些研究结果转化为临床实践。
