Food Hygiene, Safety, and Technology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
Department of Public Health, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, University of Hail, Ha'il 81451, Saudi Arabia.
Molecules. 2023 Sep 21;28(18):6742. doi: 10.3390/molecules28186742.
is one of the most widespread foodborne bacteria that cause high morbidity, mortality, and economic loss, primarily if foodborne diseases are caused by pathogenic and multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of in chicken meat in Egyptian markets. Thus, this study might be the first to assess the efficiency of different natural phenolic compounds as novel antibacterial agents against MDR pathogens isolated from raw chicken meat in the Egyptian market. The incidence and quantification of pathogenic were detected in retail raw chicken meat parts (breast, thigh, fillet, and giblets). In total, 73 out of 80 (91.3%) of the chicken meat parts were contaminated, with as the only species isolated. Of the 192 identified isolates, 143 were coagulase-positive and 117 isolates were MDR (81.8%, 117/143). Twenty-two antibiotic resistance profile patterns were detected. One strain was randomly selected from each pattern to further analyze virulence and resistance genes. Extracted DNA was assessed for the presence of antibiotic-resistance genes, i.e., vancomycin-resistance (), aminoglycosides-resistance (), apramycin-resistance (), and methicillin-resistance (), penicillin-resistance (), and virulence genes staphylococcal enterotoxins ( and ), Panton-Valentine leucocidin (), clumping factor A (), and toxic shock syndrome toxin (). Clustering analyses revealed that six strains harbored the most virulence and resistance genes. The activity of hydroquinone was significantly higher than thymol, carvacrol, eugenol, and protocatechuic acid. Therefore, phenolic compounds, particularly hydroquinone, could potentially alternate with conventional antibiotics against the pathogenic MDR inhabiting raw chicken meat. Hence, this study indicates that urgent interventions are necessary to improve hygiene for safer meat in Egyptian markets. Moreover, hydroquinone could be a natural phenolic compound for inhibiting foodborne pathogens.
是一种最广泛传播的食源性病原体，可导致高发病率、死亡率和经济损失，尤其是如果食源性疾病是由致病性和多药耐药（MDR）菌株引起的。本研究旨在确定埃及市场鸡肉中 的流行情况。因此，本研究可能是首次评估不同天然酚类化合物作为新型抗菌剂对从埃及市场生鸡肉中分离出的多药耐药性 病原体的效价。在零售生鸡肉部分（鸡胸肉、大腿肉、鱼片和鸡杂）中检测到致病性 的发生率和定量。总共 80 个鸡肉部分中有 73 个（91.3%）受到污染，只有 一种被分离出来。在鉴定出的 192 株 分离株中，143 株为凝固酶阳性 ，117 株为 MDR（81.8%，117/143）。检测到 22 种抗生素耐药谱模式。从每种模式中随机选择一株菌进一步分析毒力和耐药基因。提取的 DNA 评估是否存在抗生素耐药基因，即万古霉素耐药（）、氨基糖苷类耐药（）、阿普拉霉素耐药（）和耐甲氧西林（）、青霉素耐药（）和葡萄球菌肠毒素（和）、Panton-Valentine 白细胞毒素（）、聚集因子 A（）和中毒性休克综合征毒素（）。聚类分析显示，6 株 菌株携带最多的毒力和耐药基因。对氢醌的活性明显高于对百里酚、香芹酚、丁香酚和原儿茶酸。因此，酚类化合物，特别是氢醌，可能替代传统抗生素对抗生鸡肉中栖息的致病性 MDR 。因此，本研究表明，有必要在埃及市场采取紧急干预措施以改善肉类卫生状况，确保食品安全。此外，氢醌可能是一种抑制食源性病原体的天然酚类化合物。
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