Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt.
Department of Toxicology and Forensic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
Int J Food Microbiol. 2021 Apr 16;344:109116. doi: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2021.109116. Epub 2021 Feb 24.
Staphylococcus aureus is among the most common zoonotic pathogens originating from animals consumed as food, especially raw chicken meat (RCM). As far as we know, this might be the first report that explores the efficacy of metal oxide nanoparticles (MONPs), such as zinc peroxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs), zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs), and titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO-NPs) against multidrug resistant (MDR) and/or pandrug resistant (PDR) S. aureus strains with a strong biofilm-producing ability isolated from RCM and giblets. The overall prevalence of coagulase-positive staphylococci was 21%, with a contamination level range between 10 and 10 CFU/g. The incidence of virulence genes See (21/36), pvl (16/36), clfA (15/36), sec (12/36), tst (12/36), and sea (11/36) among S. aureus strains were relatively higher those of seb, sed, fnbA, and fnbB. For antimicrobial resistance gene distribution, most strains harbored the blaZ gene (25/36), aacA-aphD gene (24/36), mecA gene (22/36), vanA gene (20/36), and apmA gene (20/36) confirmed the prevalence of MDR among S. aureus of RCM products. However, cfr (11/36), spc (9/36), and aadE (7/36) showed a relatively lower existence. The data of antibiogram resistance profiles was noticeably heterogeneous (25 patterns) with 32 MDR and four PDR S. aureus strains. All tested strains had a very high MAR index value (>0.2) except the P11 pattern (GEN, MXF, PMB), which showed a MAR index of 0.19. Among the strong biofilm-producing ability (BPA), 14 (70%) strains were isolated from wet markets, while only six strong BPA strains were isolated from supermarkets. The mean values of BPA ranged from 2.613 ± 0.04 to 11.013 ± 0.05. Clearly, ZnO-NPs show significant inhibitory activity against S. aureus strains compared with those produced by the action of ZnO-NPs and TiO-NPs. The results of anti-inflammatory activity suggest ZnO-NPs as a lead compound for designing an alternative antimicrobial agent against drug-resistant and strong biofilm-producing S. aureus isolates from retail RCM and giblets.
金黄色葡萄球菌是源自作为食物消费的动物（尤其是生鸡肉）的最常见的人畜共患病病原体之一。据我们所知，这可能是第一份探索金属氧化物纳米颗粒（如过氧化锌纳米颗粒、氧化锌纳米颗粒和二氧化钛纳米颗粒）对分离自生鸡肉和禽杂碎的具有强生物膜形成能力的多药耐药（MDR）和/或泛耐药（PDR）金黄色葡萄球菌菌株的功效的报告。凝固酶阳性葡萄球菌的总流行率为 21%，污染水平在 10 至 10 CFU/g 之间。金黄色葡萄球菌菌株中 see（21/36）、pvl（16/36）、clfA（15/36）、sec（12/36）、tst（12/36）和 sea（11/36）等毒力基因的发生率相对较高，seb、sed、fnbA 和 fnbB 等毒力基因的发生率相对较低。就抗生素耐药基因分布而言，大多数菌株携带 blaZ 基因（25/36）、aacA-aphD 基因（24/36）、mecA 基因（22/36）、vanA 基因（20/36）和 apmA 基因（20/36），证实了生鸡肉产品中金黄色葡萄球菌的 MDR 流行率。然而，cfr（11/36）、spc（9/36）和 aadE（7/36）的存在相对较低。抗生素耐药谱的耐药数据明显不同（25 种模式），有 32 株 MDR 和 4 株 PDR 金黄色葡萄球菌菌株。除了 P11 模式（GEN、MXF、PMB）外，所有测试菌株的 MAR 指数值均非常高（>0.2），该模式的 MAR 指数为 0.19。在具有强生物膜形成能力（BPA）的菌株中，有 14 株（70%）是从湿市场分离出来的，而只有 6 株强 BPA 菌株是从超市分离出来的。BPA 的平均值范围为 2.613±0.04 至 11.013±0.05。显然，与 ZnO-NPs 和 TiO-NPs 作用产生的抑菌活性相比，ZnO-NPs 对金黄色葡萄球菌菌株表现出显著的抑制活性。抗炎活性的结果表明，ZnO-NPs 是设计针对零售生鸡肉和禽杂碎中分离出的耐药和强生物膜形成金黄色葡萄球菌分离株的替代抗菌剂的先导化合物。
