Al-Shudifat Abdel-Ellah, Al-Tamimi Mohammad, Dawoud Rand, Alkhateeb Mohammad, Mryyian Amel, Alahmad Anas, Abbas Manal M, Qaqish Arwa
Department of Internal and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan.
Department of Microbiology, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan.
Vaccines (Basel). 2023 Aug 22;11(9):1398. doi: 10.3390/vaccines11091398.
The long-term immunoglobulin responses of COVID-19 vaccinations is important to determine the efficacy of these vaccinations. This study aimed to investigate and compare the long-term immunoglobulin response of COVID-19 vaccination recipients, using anti-S IgG, anti-N IgG, and IgM titer levels. This study included 267 participants, comprising individuals who tested positive for COVID-19 through PCR testing ( = 125), and those who received the Pfizer ( = 133), Sinopharm ( = 112), AstraZeneca ( = 20), or Sputnik ( = 2) vaccines. Female participants comprised the largest share of this study ( = 147, 55.1%). This study found that most participants had positive IgG antibodies, with 96.3% having anti-S IgG and 75.7% having anti-N IgG. Most participants (90.3%) tested negative for anti-N IgM antibodies. Sinopharm-vaccinated individuals exhibited a notably lower rate of positive anti-S IgG (93.8%) and a significantly higher rate of positive anti-N IgG antibodies (91%). Anti-N IgG levels were significantly correlated with the number of prior COVID-19 infections ( = 0.015). Specifically, individuals with a history of four COVID-19 infections had higher anti-N IgG titers (14.1 ± 1.4) than those with only one experience of COVID-19 infection (9.4 ± 7.2). Individuals who were infected with COVID-19 after receiving the vaccine demonstrated higher levels of anti-N IgG, exhibiting a 25% increase in mean titer levels compared to those who were infected prior to vaccination. There was a statistically significant association between anti-N IgG positivity with age ( = 0.034), and smoking status ( = 0.006) of participants. Participants younger than 20 and older than 60 showed the highest positivity rate of anti-N (>90%). Smokers had a low positivity rate of anti-N (68.8%) compared to nonsmokers (83.6%). In conclusion, this study demonstrated that most COVID-19 vaccination recipients had positive IgG antibodies, with differences in the long-term immunoglobulin response depending on the type of vaccine administered and occurrence of COVID-19 infection.
新冠疫苗接种的长期免疫球蛋白反应对于确定这些疫苗的效力很重要。本研究旨在通过抗S IgG、抗N IgG和IgM滴度水平，调查和比较新冠疫苗接种者的长期免疫球蛋白反应。本研究纳入了267名参与者，包括通过PCR检测确诊新冠呈阳性的个体（n = 125），以及接种辉瑞（n = 133）、国药（n = 112）、阿斯利康（n = 20）或卫星V（n = 2）疫苗的个体。女性参与者在本研究中占比最大（n = 147，55.1%）。本研究发现，大多数参与者的IgG抗体呈阳性，96.3%的人有抗S IgG，75.7%的人有抗N IgG。大多数参与者（90.3%）的抗N IgM抗体检测呈阴性。接种国药疫苗的个体抗S IgG阳性率显著较低（93.8%），抗N IgG抗体阳性率显著较高（91%）。抗N IgG水平与既往新冠感染次数显著相关（r = 0.015）。具体而言，有四次新冠感染史的个体抗N IgG滴度（14.1±1.4）高于仅有一次新冠感染经历的个体（9.4±7.2）。接种疫苗后感染新冠的个体抗N IgG水平较高，与接种疫苗前感染的个体相比，平均滴度水平增加了25%。参与者的抗N IgG阳性与年龄（r = 0.034）和吸烟状况（r = 0.006）之间存在统计学显著关联。20岁以下和60岁以上的参与者抗N阳性率最高（>90%）。与不吸烟者（83.6%）相比，吸烟者抗N阳性率较低（68.8%）。总之，本研究表明，大多数新冠疫苗接种者的IgG抗体呈阳性，长期免疫球蛋白反应因所接种疫苗的类型和新冠感染情况而异。
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