Pongkunakorn Tanyaporn, Manosan Thamonwan, Surawit Apinya, Ophakas Suphawan, Mongkolsucharitkul Pichanun, Pumeiam Sureeporn, Suta Sophida, Pinsawas Bonggochpass, Sookrung Nitat, Saelim Nawannaporn, Mahasongkram Kodchakorn, Prangtaworn Pannathee, Tungtrongchitr Anchalee, Tangjittipokin Watip, Mangmee Suthee, Boonnak Kobporn, Narkdontri Tassanee, Teerawattanapong Nipaporn, Wanitphadeedecha Rungsima, Mayurasakorn Korapat
Siriraj Population Health and Nutrition Research Group, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand.
Center of Research Excellence on Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand.
Vaccines (Basel). 2023 Aug 24;11(9):1413. doi: 10.3390/vaccines11091413.
Many patients develop post-acute COVID syndrome (long COVID (LC)). We compared the immune response of LC and individuals with post-COVID full recovery (HC) during the Omicron pandemic. Two hundred ninety-two patients with confirmed COVID infections from January to May 2022 were enrolled. We observed anti-SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain immunoglobulin G, surrogate virus neutralization test, T cell subsets, and neutralizing antibodies against Wuhan, BA.1, and BA.5 viruses (NeuT). NeuT was markedly reduced against BA.1 and BA.5 in HC and LC groups, while antibodies were more sustained with three doses and an updated booster shot than ≤2-dose vaccinations. The viral neutralization ability declined at >84-days after COVID-19 onset (PC) in both groups. PD1-expressed central and effector memory CD4 T cells, and central memory CD8 T cells were reduced in the first months PC in LC. Therefore, booster vaccines may be required sooner after the most recent infection to rescue T cell function for people with symptomatic LC.
许多患者会出现急性感染后新冠综合征（长期新冠，简称LC）。我们比较了奥密克戎大流行期间LC患者与新冠感染后完全康复个体（健康对照，简称HC）的免疫反应。纳入了2022年1月至5月确诊感染新冠的292例患者。我们检测了抗SARS-CoV-2受体结合域免疫球蛋白G、替代病毒中和试验、T细胞亚群以及针对武汉株、BA.1和BA.5病毒的中和抗体（NeuT）。HC组和LC组中针对BA.1和BA.5的NeuT显著降低，而与≤2剂次疫苗接种相比，接种三剂及一剂更新的加强针后抗体更持久。两组在新冠发病（PC）>84天后病毒中和能力均下降。在PC后的头几个月，LC组中表达PD1的中枢和效应记忆CD4 T细胞以及中枢记忆CD8 T细胞减少。因此，对于有症状的LC患者，可能需要在最近一次感染后更早接种加强疫苗以挽救T细胞功能。
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