Tsoumani Maria E, Voyiatzaki Chrysa, Efstathiou Antonia
Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of West Attica, 12243 Aigaleo, Greece.
Immunology of Infection Group, Department of Microbiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece.
Vaccines (Basel). 2023 Sep 4;11(9):1452. doi: 10.3390/vaccines11091452.
spp. is the etiological agent of malaria, a life-threatening parasitic disease transmitted by infected mosquitoes. Malaria remains a major global health challenge, particularly in endemic regions. Over the years, various vaccine candidates targeting different stages of parasite life-cycle have been explored, including subunit vaccines, vectored vaccines, and whole organism vaccines with Mosquirix, a vaccine based on a recombinant protein, as the only currently approved vaccine for malaria. Despite the aforementioned notable progress, challenges such as antigenic diversity, limited efficacy, resistant parasites escaping protective immunity and the need for multiple doses have hindered the development of a highly efficacious malaria vaccine. The recent success of mRNA-based vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 has sparked renewed interest in mRNA vaccine platforms. The unique mRNA vaccine features, including their potential for rapid development, scalability, and flexibility in antigen design, make them a promising avenue for malaria vaccine development. This review provides an overview of the malaria vaccines' evolution from the past towards the mRNA vaccine era and highlights their advantages in overcoming the limitations of previous malaria vaccine candidates.
疟原虫属是疟疾的病原体，疟疾是一种由受感染蚊子传播的危及生命的寄生虫病。疟疾仍然是全球主要的健康挑战，特别是在流行地区。多年来，人们探索了针对寄生虫生命周期不同阶段的各种候选疫苗，包括亚单位疫苗、载体疫苗和全生物体疫苗，其中基于重组蛋白的疫苗Mosquirix是目前唯一获批的疟疾疫苗。尽管取得了上述显著进展，但抗原多样性、疗效有限、具有抗性的寄生虫逃避保护性免疫以及需要多剂接种等挑战阻碍了高效疟疾疫苗的开发。基于mRNA的新冠疫苗最近的成功引发了人们对mRNA疫苗平台的新兴趣。mRNA疫苗的独特特性，包括其快速开发的潜力、可扩展性以及抗原设计的灵活性，使其成为疟疾疫苗开发的一个有前景的途径。本综述概述了疟疾疫苗从过去到mRNA疫苗时代的演变，并强调了它们在克服先前疟疾候选疫苗局限性方面的优势。
