Jalil Abduladheem Turki, Jehad Muhanad Tareq, Al-Ameer Lubna R, Khallawi Anwar Qasim, Essa Israa M, Merza Muna S, Zabibah Rahman S, Al-Hili Farah
College of Medicine, University of Thi-Qar, Al-Nasiriyah, Thi-Qar, Iraq.
College of Dentistry, Al-Esraa University, Baghdad, Iraq.
Pathol Res Pract. 2023 Oct;250:154825. doi: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154825. Epub 2023 Sep 16.
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents a challenging and aggressive form of breast cancer associated with limited treatment options and poor prognosis. Although chemotherapy is a primary therapeutic approach, drug resistance often hinders treatment success. However, the expanding knowledge of TNBC subtypes and molecular biology has paved the way for targeted therapies. Notably, exosomes (extracellular vesicles) have emerged as crucial carriers of tumorigenic factors involved in oncogenesis and drug resistance, facilitating cell-to-cell communication and offering potential as self-delivery systems. Among the cargo carried by exosomes, microRNAs (miRNAs) have gained attention due to their ability to mediate epigenetic changes in recipient cells upon transfer. Research has confirmed dysregulation of exosomal miRNAs in breast cancer cells compared to healthy cells, establishing them as promising biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. In this comprehensive review, we summarize the latest research findings that underscore the diagnostic and prognostic significance of exosomal miRNAs in TNBC treatment. Furthermore, we explore contemporary therapeutic approaches utilizing these exosomal miRNAs for the benefit of TNBC patients, shedding light on potential breakthroughs in TNBC management.
三阴性乳腺癌（TNBC）是一种具有挑战性且侵袭性强的乳腺癌形式，其治疗选择有限，预后较差。尽管化疗是主要的治疗方法，但耐药性常常阻碍治疗的成功。然而，对TNBC亚型和分子生物学认识的不断扩展为靶向治疗铺平了道路。值得注意的是，外泌体（细胞外囊泡）已成为参与肿瘤发生和耐药性的致癌因子的关键载体，促进细胞间通讯，并具有作为自我递送系统的潜力。在外泌体携带的物质中，微小RNA（miRNA）因其在转移后能够介导受体细胞表观遗传变化的能力而受到关注。研究已证实，与健康细胞相比，乳腺癌细胞中外泌体miRNA存在失调，这使其成为癌症诊断和预后有前景的生物标志物。在这篇全面综述中，我们总结了最新研究结果，这些结果强调了外泌体miRNA在TNBC治疗中的诊断和预后意义。此外，我们探索了利用这些外泌体miRNA造福TNBC患者的当代治疗方法，为TNBC治疗的潜在突破带来启示。
