Laboratory of Neurophysiology of Memory, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 87, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic.
Laboratory of Neurophysiology of Memory, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic.
Behav Brain Res. 2021 Jun 11;407:113247. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113247. Epub 2021 Mar 18.
Visuospatial perspective-taking (VPT) is a process of imagining what can be seen and how a scene looks from a location and orientation in space that differs from one's own. It comprises two levels that are underpinned by distinct neurocognitive processes. Level-2 VPT is often studied in relation to two other cognitive phenomena, object mental rotation (oMR) and theory of mind (ToM). With the aim to describe the broad picture of neurocognitive processes underlying level-2 VPT, here we give an overview of the recent behavioral and neuroscientific findings of level-2 VPT. We discuss its relation to level-1 VPT, which is also referred to as perspective-tracking, and the neighboring topics, oMR and ToM. Neuroscientific research shows that level-2 VPT is a diverse cognitive process, encompassing functionally distinct neural circuits. It shares brain substrates with oMR, especially those parietal brain areas that are specialized in spatial reasoning. However, compared to oMR, level-2 VPT involves additional activations in brain structures that are typically involved in ToM tasks and deal with self/other distinctions. In addition, level-2 VPT has been suggested to engage brain areas coding for internal representations of the body. Thus, the neurocognitive model underpinning level-2 VPT can be understood as a combination of visuospatial processing with social cognition and body schema representations.
视空间视角-taking（VPT）是一种从不同于自身的空间位置和方向想象可以看到什么以及场景外观的过程。它包含两个层次，由不同的神经认知过程支撑。二级 VPT 通常与其他两个认知现象——物体心理旋转（oMR）和心理理论（ToM）一起研究。为了描述二级 VPT 所涉及的广泛神经认知过程，我们在这里概述了二级 VPT 的最近行为和神经科学发现。我们讨论了它与也称为视角跟踪的一级 VPT 的关系，以及邻近的主题，oMR 和 ToM。神经科学研究表明，二级 VPT 是一个多样化的认知过程，包括功能上不同的神经回路。它与 oMR 共享大脑底物，特别是那些专门用于空间推理的顶叶大脑区域。然而，与 oMR 相比，二级 VPT 在大脑结构中涉及额外的激活，这些结构通常涉及 ToM 任务，并处理自我/他人的区别。此外，二级 VPT 被认为涉及编码身体内部表示的大脑区域。因此，二级 VPT 所依据的神经认知模型可以理解为视空间处理与社会认知和身体图式表示的结合。
