Johansson C
Am J Sports Med. 1986 Sep-Oct;14(5):410-5. doi: 10.1177/036354658601400515.
A prospective study of injuries in 89 elite orienteers showed a total incidence of three injuries per 1,000 training hours, with no difference between the sexes. Mean absence from training per year due to injury was 20 days for men and 19 days for women. Most injuries (80.3%) occurred during training, while the remaining injuries occurred during competition. The lower extremities were affected in 93.6% of the male injuries and in all of the female injuries. The majority of injuries (60.6%) were moderate, while 19.7% were minor and 19.7% were major injuries. Overuse injuries accounted for 57%; 43% of the injuries were due to trauma. Overuse injuries predominated in the preseason period, while the incidence was equal between overuse and traumatic injuries over the rest of the year. Of a total number of 38 overuse injuries, 60.5% occurred during running on tracks or roads. Thirteen injuries (19.7%) were major; the majority (84.6%) of these injuries were due to overuse, affecting the knee in eight cases (61.5%). Of the major injuries, 76.5% occurred during the period December to May. Of a total number of 28 traumatic injuries, 78.6% occurred while running on uneven ground, mainly in forests. Among the traumatic injuries, ankle sprains accounted for 57.1%, equally distributed between the sexes. The majority of these sprains (81.2%) were moderate. This paper will discuss injury mechanisms and possibilities of prevention.
一项针对89名精英定向越野运动员损伤情况的前瞻性研究表明，每1000个训练小时的损伤总发生率为3次，男女之间无差异。男性因伤每年平均缺训20天，女性为19天。大多数损伤（80.3%）发生在训练期间，其余损伤发生在比赛期间。男性损伤中有93.6%累及下肢，女性损伤则全部累及下肢。大多数损伤（60.6%）为中度，轻度损伤占19.7%，重度损伤占19.7%。过度使用损伤占57%；43%的损伤是由外伤引起的。过度使用损伤在赛季前阶段占主导，而在一年中的其他时间，过度使用损伤和外伤的发生率相当。在总共38例过度使用损伤中，60.5%发生在在跑道或道路上跑步时。13例损伤（19.7%）为重度；其中大多数（84.6%）是由过度使用引起的，8例（61.5%）累及膝关节。在重度损伤中，76.5%发生在12月至次年5月期间。在总共28例外伤中，78.6%发生在在不平地面上跑步时，主要是在森林中。在外伤中，踝关节扭伤占57.1%，男女分布均等。这些扭伤大多数（81.2%）为中度。本文将讨论损伤机制及预防可能性。
