Lorentzon R, Wedrèn H, Pietilä T
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital of Umeå, Sweden.
Am J Sports Med. 1988 Jul-Aug;16(4):392-6. doi: 10.1177/036354658801600415.
In this prospective study, we have investigated incidence of injuries of different severity, types of injury, and mechanisms of injury during ice hockey practice and games. One Swedish elite hockey team was closely observed during three seasons (1982 to 1985). There was a total number of 95 injuries and 29 facial lacerations. The majority of injuries were minor (73%) and only 8% were classified as major. Seventy-six percent of the injuries occurred during games and 24% during practice. The incidence of injury during practice was 1.4 per 1,000 player-practice hours and 78.4 per 1,000 player-game hours. In comparison with other sports, the incidence of injury during hockey practice is very low, while that during games is high. Eighty percent of the injuries were caused by trauma and 20% by overuse. The most common types of injury were contusions, strains, and sprains. Complete tear of the medial collateral ligament of the knee was the most common severe injury. Most injuries resulted from body contact, predominantly tackling (checking), and from puck or stick contact. A reduction of the number of minor and moderate injuries should be possible by stricter enforcement of the hockey rules, especially against stick violations, and more widespread use of visors.
在这项前瞻性研究中，我们调查了冰球训练和比赛期间不同严重程度损伤的发生率、损伤类型及损伤机制。在三个赛季（1982年至1985年）对一支瑞典精英冰球队进行了密切观察。总共发生了95起损伤以及29起面部撕裂伤。大多数损伤为轻伤（73%），只有8%被归类为重伤。76%的损伤发生在比赛期间，24%发生在训练期间。训练期间的损伤发生率为每1000运动员训练小时1.4起，比赛期间为每1000运动员比赛小时78.4起。与其他运动相比，冰球训练期间的损伤发生率非常低，而比赛期间则很高。80%的损伤由创伤引起，20%由过度使用引起。最常见的损伤类型为挫伤、拉伤和扭伤。膝关节内侧副韧带完全撕裂是最常见的重伤。大多数损伤是由身体接触导致的，主要是阻截（身体冲撞），以及冰球或球杆接触。通过更严格地执行冰球规则，尤其是针对球杆违规行为，以及更广泛地使用面罩，应该有可能减少轻伤和中度损伤的数量。
