Postgraduate Program in Health and Nutrition, School of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil.
Department of Public Health, Policy and Systems, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
Public Health. 2023 Nov;224:123-130. doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2023.08.028. Epub 2023 Sep 27.
The objective of this study was to describe non-communicable disease (NCD) mortality attributable to diets low in whole grains, fruits, and vegetables in Brazil in 2019.
Ecological study.
Data from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 for adults aged ≥25 years of both sexes in Brazil and its 27 states were used to estimate the intake of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains; the NCD mortality attributable to these dietary risk factors; and the correlation between socio-demographic index (SDI), the age-standardised mortality rate (ASMR) per 100,000 population, and intake.
The Brazilian population had suboptimal consumption of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, and 62,439 NCD deaths were attributable to these three dietary risk factors in 2019. The highest ASMRs were found for diets low in whole grains (14.4, 95% uncertainty interval [95% UI]: 7.8-18.4), followed by diets low in vegetables (7.6, 95% UI: 4.8-10.3) and fruits (5.0, 95% UI: 3.2-7.0). A similar ranking was observed for all Brazilian states. The SDI was negatively correlated with ASMRs and was positively correlated with the investigated dietary risks. The population from the Northeast and North states presented the lowest SDI and the highest NCD ASMRs attributable to diets low in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains and consumed less of all three health foods.
Diets low in fruits, vegetables, and mainly whole grains substantially contributed to NCD mortality in Brazil, especially in states with low SDI. Our findings support the need to target food interventions to reduce regional health inequalities within the country.
本研究旨在描述 2019 年巴西全谷物、水果和蔬菜摄入量低与非传染性疾病（NCD）死亡的关系。
生态研究。
使用 2019 年全球疾病负担研究中巴西及 27 个州≥25 岁的男女性成年人的数据，来评估水果、蔬菜和全谷物的摄入量；这些饮食风险因素与 NCD 死亡率的关系；以及社会人口指数（SDI）、每 10 万人标准化死亡率（ASMR）与摄入量之间的相关性。
巴西人口的水果、蔬菜和全谷物摄入量不足，2019 年有 62439 例 NCD 死亡可归因于这三种饮食风险因素。全谷物摄入量低的饮食与最高的 ASMR 相关（14.4，95%置信区间[95%UI]：7.8-18.4），其次是蔬菜摄入量低（7.6，95%UI：4.8-10.3）和水果摄入量低（5.0，95%UI：3.2-7.0）。所有巴西州的情况均类似。SDI 与 ASMR 呈负相关，与所研究的饮食风险呈正相关。来自东北部和北部各州的人口具有最低的 SDI 和最高的归因于水果、蔬菜和全谷物摄入量低的 NCD ASMR，且三者的食用量均最少。
水果、蔬菜和主要是全谷物摄入量低与巴西的 NCD 死亡率有很大关系，特别是在 SDI 较低的州。我们的研究结果支持有必要针对食物干预措施，以减少国内各地区之间的健康不平等。
