Hou Yanli, Qin Lingzhi, Jin Xuting, Ren Jiajia, Li Jiamei, Zhang Xiaoling, Zhang Jingjing, Li Ruohan, Gao Ya, Wang Xiaochuang, Wang Gang
Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
Key Laboratory of Surgical Critical Care and Life Support (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
Front Nutr. 2025 May 21;12:1572610. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1572610. eCollection 2025.
Dietary factors play a crucial role in the development of chronic kidney disease due to diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2D-related CKD). However, comprehensive data on the global burden of T2D-related CKD attributable to dietary risks remain limited.
This study conducted a secondary analysis of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2021. Mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of T2D-related CKD attributable to dietary risks, stratified by sex, age and sociodemographic index (SDI) quantiles, were analyzed in global, 21 regions, and 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021.
In 2021, 79,990 (95% confidence interval []: 32,730-128,880) death and 1,999,210 (95% : 856,190-3,167,220) DALYs of T2D-related CKD were attributable to dietary risk factors, approximately 2.5 times as many as those in 1990. The age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) and age-standardized DALY rate (ASDR) grew with an estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) of 0.76% (95%: 0.69-0.83%) and 0.47% (95%: 0.41-0.53%). The low SDI regions experienced the highest burden of T2D-related CKD attributable to dietary risks, with ASMR of 1.16 (95% : 0.44-2.02) per 100,000 persons and the ASDR of 27.41 (95% : 11.32-46.78) per 100,000 persons. Males and the elderly over 70 years demonstrated a higher burden of T2D-related CKD influenced by dietary risks. Diet low in fruits, whole grains, and vegetables, as well as diet high in red and processed meat serve as the main dietary risks contributed to the burden of T2D-related CKD.
Dietary factors play a significant role in the development of T2D-related CKD. Further strategies should focus on men, the elderly, low-SDI regions and specific dietary components to mitigate dietary risks associated with T2D-related CKD.
饮食因素在2型糖尿病所致慢性肾脏病（T2D相关CKD）的发生发展中起着关键作用。然而，关于饮食风险导致的T2D相关CKD全球负担的全面数据仍然有限。
本研究对《2021年全球疾病、伤害和风险因素负担研究》进行了二次分析。分析了1990年至2021年期间，全球、21个地区以及204个国家和地区中，按性别、年龄和社会人口指数（SDI）分位数分层的、归因于饮食风险的T2D相关CKD的死亡率和伤残调整生命年（DALYs）。
2021年，归因于饮食风险因素的T2D相关CKD导致79,990例（95%置信区间[]：32,730 - 128,880）死亡和1,999,210例（95%：856,190 - 3,167,220）伤残调整生命年，约为1990年的2.5倍。年龄标准化死亡率（ASMR）和年龄标准化伤残调整生命年率（ASDR）以每年0.76%（95%：0.69 - 0.83%）和0.47%（95%：0.41 - 0.53%）的估计年度百分比变化（EAPC）增长。低SDI地区因饮食风险导致的T2D相关CKD负担最高，每10万人的ASMR为1.16（95%：0.44 - 2.02），每10万人的ASDR为27.41（95%：11.32 - 46.78）。男性和70岁以上老年人因饮食风险导致的T2D相关CKD负担更高。水果、全谷物和蔬菜摄入量低的饮食，以及红肉和加工肉类摄入量高的饮食是导致T2D相关CKD负担的主要饮食风险因素。
饮食因素在T2D相关CKD的发生发展中起重要作用。进一步的策略应关注男性、老年人、低SDI地区和特定饮食成分，以降低与T2D相关CKD相关的饮食风险。
