Institut Jean Lamour, Université de Lorraine, Epinal, France.
MBA USP ESALQ, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Environ Geochem Health. 2023 Dec;45(12):9559-9582. doi: 10.1007/s10653-023-01763-w. Epub 2023 Sep 30.
Brazil, a global frontrunner in pesticide consumption and sales, particularly glyphosate, appears to be at odds with other countries that increasingly ban these products in their territories. This study gathers the values of Acceptable Daily Intake and Maximum Residue Limits (MRL) in the European Union for dozens of substances and subsequently contrasts them with the corresponding benchmarks upheld in Brazil concerning its predominant crops. Furthermore, this study delves into the toxicity levels and the potential health ramifications of glyphosate on humans through the ingestion of food containing its residues. The findings from this research underscore a notable surge in glyphosate and pesticide sales and usage within Brazil over the past decade. In stark contrast to its European counterparts, Brazil not only sanctioned the sale and application of 474 new pesticides in 2019, but extended the authorization for glyphosate sales while downgrading its toxicity classification. Finally, this review not only uncovers disparities among research outcomes but also addresses the complexities of replacing glyphosate and introduces environmentally friendlier alternatives that have been subject to evaluation in the existing literature.
巴西是全球农药消费和销售的领跑者，尤其是草甘膦。但巴西似乎与其他在本国领土上越来越多地禁用这些产品的国家存在分歧。本研究收集了数十种物质在欧盟的可接受日摄入量和最大残留限量（MRL）值，然后将其与巴西主要作物的相应基准进行了对比。此外，本研究还通过研究人类摄入含有草甘膦残留的食物，探讨了草甘膦的毒性水平及其对人类健康的潜在影响。这项研究的结果突显了过去十年巴西草甘膦和农药销售和使用的显著增长。与欧洲国家形成鲜明对比的是，巴西不仅在 2019 年批准了 474 种新农药的销售和使用，还延长了草甘膦的销售授权，同时降低了其毒性分类。最后，本综述不仅揭示了研究结果之间的差异，还探讨了替代草甘膦的复杂性，并介绍了在现有文献中经过评估的更环保的替代品。
