肉毒杆菌毒素治疗失败的原因。
Causes of Botulinum Toxin Treatment Failure.
作者信息
Shtefan Valentina, Fletcher James, Duclos Olga Anna
机构信息
Hello Gorgeous MedSpa, Coconut Creek, FL, USA.
Vanguard Plastic Surgery, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, USA.
出版信息
Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2022 Jun 7;15:1045-1049. doi: 10.2147/CCID.S363321. eCollection 2022.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this article is to review the cause of botulinum toxin (BT) failure and determine the ways to minimize the risks of its occurrence.
METHODS
A PubMed and Google Scholar literature search was conducted with the search terms botulinum toxin, treatment, failure, causes, and prevention. Fifteen relevant articles were found and used as the scientific base for this article.
RESULTS
The failure of BT therapy is associated with immunogenic and non-immunogenic causes and the formation of neutralizing antibodies toward the active components of BT or the complexing proteins. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) testing and mouse hemidiaphragm assay (MHA) can diagnose the failure. The risk of developing treatment failure can be minimized by using complexing protein-free formulations, selecting a treatment regimen with the least immunogenicity, proper injection technique, and gentle product handling.
CONCLUSION
The treatment failure can compromise the success of BT treatment. Current medical literature shows controversial evidence for and against BT immunogenicity. Therefore, the cause of BT failure is likely to be multifactorial.
目的
本文旨在回顾肉毒杆菌毒素（BT）治疗失败的原因，并确定将其发生风险降至最低的方法。
方法
使用搜索词“肉毒杆菌毒素”“治疗”“失败”“原因”和“预防”在PubMed和谷歌学术上进行文献检索。共找到15篇相关文章，并将其用作本文的科学依据。
结果
BT治疗失败与免疫原性和非免疫原性原因以及针对BT活性成分或复合蛋白形成中和抗体有关。酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）检测和小鼠半膈肌测定（MHA）可诊断治疗失败。通过使用无复合蛋白制剂、选择免疫原性最低的治疗方案、正确的注射技术和轻柔的产品处理，可以将发生治疗失败的风险降至最低。
结论
治疗失败可能会影响BT治疗的成功率。当前医学文献显示了支持和反对BT免疫原性的有争议的证据。因此，BT治疗失败的原因可能是多因素的。
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