Bhatia Richa
Department of Psychiatry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA.
Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2023 Nov 1;36(6):461-465. doi: 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000900. Epub 2023 Aug 24.
Bullying is a common adversity affecting many children and adolescents. It has been shown to negatively impact the psychological well being not only of targets of bullying, but also that of bullying perpetrators and those witnessing bullying. Bullying is linked to depression and poorer mental health and functioning among children and adolescents. Given the high prevalence of bullying among children and adolescents and the negative mental health sequelae of bullying, this is an area of urgent public health concern. This narrative review brings forth recent research findings in this arena, which could help shape public health policies for addressing and preventing bullying.
Recent findings demonstrate an association of bullying among children and adolescents with depression, nonsuicidal self-injury, sleep loss, reduced health-related quality of life, poorer rates of graduation from high school and later mental health problems. A recent systematic review also showed an association of peer-victimization among children and adolescents with activation of amygdala, left parahippocampal gyrus and fusiform gyrus, and alterations in other brain areas.
Evidence indicates that bullying in childhood and adolescence is associated with higher odds of developing mental health problems; therefore, early identification and timely intervention is crucial.
欺凌是一种常见的不良遭遇，影响着许多儿童和青少年。研究表明，它不仅会对受欺凌者的心理健康产生负面影响，还会对欺凌者以及目睹欺凌行为的人的心理健康产生负面影响。欺凌与儿童和青少年的抑郁以及较差的心理健康和机能状况有关。鉴于儿童和青少年中欺凌行为的高发生率以及欺凌行为对心理健康造成的负面影响，这是一个亟待关注的公共卫生领域。本叙述性综述介绍了该领域的最新研究发现，这些发现有助于制定应对和预防欺凌行为的公共卫生政策。
最近的研究结果表明，儿童和青少年中的欺凌行为与抑郁、非自杀性自伤、睡眠不足、健康相关生活质量下降、高中较低的毕业率以及后期的心理健康问题有关。最近一项系统综述还表明，儿童和青少年中的同伴受害经历与杏仁核、左侧海马旁回和梭状回的激活以及其他脑区的改变有关。
有证据表明，童年和青少年时期的欺凌行为与出现心理健康问题的较高几率相关；因此，早期识别和及时干预至关重要。
