Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY.
J Immunol. 2023 Oct 15;211(8):1195-1201. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300378.
SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of the COVID-19 pandemic, presents a broad host range. Domestic cats and white-tailed deer (WTD) are particularly susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 with multiple variant strains being associated with infections in these species. The virus replicates in the upper respiratory tract and in associated lymphoid tissues, and it is shed through oral and nasal secretions, which leads to efficient transmission of the virus to contact animals. Robust cell-mediated and humoral immune responses are induced upon infection in domestic cats, which curb the progression of clinical disease and are associated with control of infection. In WTD, high levels of neutralizing Abs are detected early upon infection. In this review, the current understanding of the infection dynamics, pathogenesis, and immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection in animals, with special focus on naturally susceptible felids and WTD, are discussed.
SARS-CoV-2，COVID-19 大流行的病原体，呈现出广泛的宿主范围。家猫和白尾鹿（WTD）特别容易感染 SARS-CoV-2，多种变异株与这些物种的感染有关。病毒在上呼吸道和相关淋巴组织中复制，并通过口腔和鼻腔分泌物排出，这导致病毒有效地传播给接触动物。在家猫感染后，会引发强烈的细胞介导和体液免疫反应，抑制临床疾病的进展，并与感染的控制有关。在 WTD 中，感染后早期即可检测到高水平的中和抗体。在这篇综述中，讨论了目前对动物中 SARS-CoV-2 感染的感染动态、发病机制和免疫反应的理解，特别关注自然易感的猫科动物和 WTD。
