Department of Animal Sciences, Teikyo University of Science, 2525 Yatsusawa, Uenohara, Yamanashi, 409-0193, Japan.
Department of Biology, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan.
Sci Rep. 2023 Oct 4;13(1):16661. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-43229-0.
Detailed observations of animal reactions to a collapsed individual in wild are rare but essential to debates about the perception of death by nonhuman animals, including chimpanzees. A male juvenile chimpanzee named Volta, a member of the M group in the Mahale Mountains National Park, fell from a tall tree and was temporarily incapacitated, suffering a severe concussion and nasal bone fracture. However, Volta showed signs of gradual recovery. We compared the behavior of other chimpanzees towards Volta with the previous reports on the behavior towards collapsed or recently dead group members. We found that behaviors towards Volta were similar to those observed towards collapsed or dead members. These included other-regarding behaviors and aggressive behaviors, and notably, licking of Volta's blood, which has not been previously reported. Adult males tended to be in close proximity to Volta for longer periods than adult females. The social situation with adult males including alpha male, surrounding Volta likely influenced the behavior of other individuals. Exploring the state of recovery of the injured individual, by closely approaching, directing various behaviors, and observing the reactions of the victim, and demonstrate tolerance and consideration towards the victim.
对野生动物中个体倒地后反应的详细观察很少见，但对于包括黑猩猩在内的非人类动物对死亡的感知的争论至关重要。一只名叫 Volta 的雄性幼年黑猩猩，是 Mahale 山脉国家公园 M 群体的一员，从一棵高树上坠落，暂时失去了行动能力，遭受了严重的脑震荡和鼻骨骨折。然而，Volta 表现出了逐渐恢复的迹象。我们将其他黑猩猩对 Volta 的行为与之前对倒地或最近死亡的群体成员的行为报告进行了比较。我们发现，对 Volta 的行为与对倒地或死亡成员的观察行为相似。这些行为包括对他人的关注行为和攻击行为，值得注意的是，对 Volta 的血液进行舔舐，这在之前的报告中并未出现过。成年雄性比成年雌性更倾向于长时间近距离接近 Volta。包括首领雄性在内的成年雄性的社会状况可能影响了其他个体的行为。通过近距离接近、引导各种行为以及观察受害者的反应，探索受伤个体的恢复状态，表现出对受害者的容忍和关怀。
