Coghlan Simon, Gyngell Christopher, Vears Danya F
School of Computing and Information Systems (CIS), Centre for AI and Digital Ethics (CAIDE), The University of Melbourne, Grattan St, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Automated Decision Making and Society (ADM+S), Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
J Community Genet. 2024 Feb;15(1):13-24. doi: 10.1007/s12687-023-00678-4. Epub 2023 Oct 5.
This paper examines the ethics of introducing emerging forms of artificial intelligence (AI) into prenatal and pediatric genomic medicine. Application of genomic AI to these early life settings has not received much attention in the ethics literature. We focus on three contexts: (1) prenatal genomic sequencing for possible fetal abnormalities, (2) rapid genomic sequencing for critically ill children, and (3) reanalysis of genomic data obtained from children for diagnostic purposes. The paper identifies and discusses various ethical issues in the possible application of genomic AI in these settings, especially as they relate to concepts of beneficence, nonmaleficence, respect for autonomy, justice, transparency, accountability, privacy, and trust. The examination will inform the ethically sound introduction of genomic AI in early human life.
本文探讨了将新兴形式的人工智能（AI）引入产前和儿科基因组医学的伦理问题。基因组人工智能在这些早期生命场景中的应用在伦理文献中尚未得到太多关注。我们聚焦于三种情境：（1）针对可能的胎儿异常进行的产前基因组测序，（2）针对危重症儿童进行的快速基因组测序，以及（3）出于诊断目的对从儿童获取的基因组数据进行重新分析。本文识别并讨论了基因组人工智能在这些场景中可能应用时的各种伦理问题，特别是与行善、不伤害、尊重自主性、公正、透明度、问责制、隐私和信任等概念相关的问题。这项研究将为在人类生命早期合理引入基因组人工智能提供参考。
