Centre for Planetary Health and Food Security, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Rd, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia; School of Environment and Science, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Rd, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia.
Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, 46 Don Young Rd, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia.
J Ethnopharmacol. 2024 Jan 30;319(Pt 2):117268. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117268. Epub 2023 Oct 3.
Bark is frequently used in southern African traditional medicine to treat inflammation, yet it remains to be rigorously examined for its immunological and anti-inflammatory activity.
Barks obtained from ten important and popular southern Africa plants were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties against the secretion of some pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) as well as chemokines (monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-2) in murine RAW 264.7 macrophages.
The inhibitory effects of aqueous and ethanol extracts were determined using cytokine multiplex-bead assays in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated and unstimulated RAW 264.7 cells.
Overall, the ethanol extracts were more potent cytokine inhibitors compared to the aqueous extracts. The LPS-stimulated cells treated with the ethanol extracts of Erythrina lysistemon Hutch., Pterocelastrus rostratus Walp. Syzygium cordatum Hochst. ex Krauss and Warburgia salutaris (G. Bertol.) Chiov., demonstrated significant (p < 0.005) inhibition up to 85% of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α secretion compared to the LPS control. Additionally, P. rostratus and S. cordatum aqueous bark extracts substantially decreased the secretion of all the tested cytokines and chemokines. Chemical investigation of the S. cordatum extract resulted in the identification of four ellagic acid derivatives: ellagic acid 4-O-α-rhamnopyranoside (1), ellagic acid 4-O-α-4″-acetylrhamnopyranoside (2), 3-O-methylellagic acid 4'-O-α-3″-O-acetylrhamnopyranoside (3) and 3-O-methylellagic acid 4'-O-α-4″-O-acetylrhamnopyranoside (4), along with mixtures of ellagic acid 4-O-α-2″-acetylrhamnopyranoside (5), ellagic acid 4-O-α-3″-acetylrhamnopyranoside (6) and ellagic acid (7). Their structures were confirmed by mass spectrometry, NMR spectroscopy, and comparison with data from literature.
The cytokine inhibition properties of most of the medicinal plants screened herein are reported for the first time. Our results provide insights into the mechanism of action by which the selected southern African medicinal plants regulate inflammation.
树皮在南非传统医学中常用于治疗炎症，但仍需对其免疫和抗炎活性进行严格的检查。
评估十种重要且受欢迎的南非植物的树皮提取物对脂多糖 (LPS) 刺激和未刺激的 RAW 264.7 巨噬细胞中某些促炎细胞因子（白细胞介素 (IL)-1β、IL-6、肿瘤坏死因子-α (TNF-α) 和干扰素-γ (IFN-γ) 以及趋化因子（单核细胞趋化蛋白 1 (MCP-1) 和巨噬细胞炎症蛋白 (MIP)-2) 分泌的抗炎和免疫调节特性。
使用细胞因子多重珠检测法，在 LPS 刺激和未刺激的 RAW 264.7 细胞中测定水提物和醇提物的抑制作用。
总体而言，与水提物相比，醇提物对细胞因子的抑制作用更强。用 LPS 刺激的细胞用 Erythrina lysistemon Hutch.、Pterocelastrus rostratus Walp.、Syzygium cordatum Hochst. ex Krauss 和 Warburgia salutaris (G. Bertol.) Chiov. 的醇提物处理，与 LPS 对照组相比，IL-1β、IL-6 和 TNF-α 的分泌抑制率高达 85%。此外，P. rostratus 和 S. cordatum 的水提树皮提取物显著降低了所有测试细胞因子和趋化因子的分泌。对 S. cordatum 提取物的化学研究导致了四种鞣花酸衍生物的鉴定：鞣花酸 4-O-α-鼠李吡喃糖苷（1）、鞣花酸 4-O-α-4″-乙酰基鼠李吡喃糖苷（2）、3-O-甲基鞣花酸 4′-O-α-3″-O-乙酰基鼠李吡喃糖苷（3）和 3-O-甲基鞣花酸 4′-O-α-4″-乙酰基鼠李吡喃糖苷（4），以及鞣花酸 4-O-α-2″-乙酰基鼠李吡喃糖苷（5）、鞣花酸 4-O-α-3″-乙酰基鼠李吡喃糖苷（6）和鞣花酸（7）的混合物。它们的结构通过质谱、NMR 光谱和与文献数据的比较得到确认。
本文首次报道了大多数筛选药用植物的细胞因子抑制特性。我们的结果提供了有关所选南非药用植物调节炎症作用机制的见解。
