Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.
Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
Sleep. 2024 Jan 11;47(1). doi: 10.1093/sleep/zsad263.
The teenage increase in sleepiness is not simply a response to decreasing nighttime sleep duration. Daytime sleepiness increases across adolescence even when prior sleep duration is held constant. Here we determine the maturational trend in daytime sleep propensity assessed with the multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) and assess the trend's relation to pubertal maturation and changes in the sleep electroencephalogram. We also evaluate whether the relation of daytime sleep propensity to prior sleep duration changes between ages 10 and 23 years.
Participants (n = 159) entered the study between ages 9.8 and 22.8 years and were studied annually for up to 3 years. Annually, participants kept each of three sleep schedules in their homes: 7, 8.5, and 10 hours in bed for 4 consecutive nights with polysomnography on nights 2 and 4. MSLT-measured daytime sleep propensity was assessed in the laboratory on the day following the fourth night.
A two-part linear spline model described the maturation of daytime sleep propensity. MSLT sleep likelihood increased steeply until age 14.3 years, after which it did not change significantly. The maturational trend was strongly associated with the adolescent decline in slow-wave (delta, 1-4 Hz) EEG power during NREM sleep and with pubertal maturation assessed with Tanner stage measurement of breast/genital development. The effect of prior sleep duration on sleep likelihood decreased with age.
Adolescent brain changes related to pubertal maturation and those reflected in the delta decline contribute to the adolescent increase in daytime sleep propensity.
青少年嗜睡的增加不仅仅是对夜间睡眠时间减少的反应。即使保持先前的睡眠时间不变，青少年白天的嗜睡感也会增加。在这里，我们确定了用多次睡眠潜伏期试验（MSLT）评估的白天睡眠倾向的成熟趋势，并评估了这种趋势与青春期成熟和睡眠脑电图变化的关系。我们还评估了白天睡眠倾向与 10 至 23 岁之间的先前睡眠时间的关系是否发生变化。
参与者（n=159）在 9.8 至 22.8 岁之间进入研究，并在长达 3 年的时间内每年进行一次研究。每年，参与者在家中遵循三种睡眠方案中的每一种方案：连续 4 晚在床上睡 7、8.5 和 10 小时，在第 2 和第 4 晚进行多导睡眠图检查。在第 4 晚后的第二天，在实验室中通过 MSLT 测量评估白天睡眠倾向。
一个两部分线性样条模型描述了白天睡眠倾向的成熟过程。MSLT 睡眠时间的可能性直到 14.3 岁才急剧增加，之后变化不大。成熟趋势与青少年非快速眼动睡眠期间慢波（δ，1-4 Hz）脑电图功率下降以及用乳房/生殖器发育的 Tanner 阶段测量评估的青春期成熟密切相关。先前睡眠时间对睡眠可能性的影响随年龄的增长而减小。
与青春期成熟相关的青少年大脑变化以及在 δ 下降中反映出的变化导致了青少年白天睡眠倾向的增加。
