Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA.
Sleep and Performance Center, and Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA.
Sleep. 2018 Dec 1;41(12). doi: 10.1093/sleep/zsy177.
There is contradictory evidence on whether sleep need decreases across adolescence. We investigated this question longitudinally with a dose-response design to test the effects of varied sleep durations on daytime sleepiness and on vigilance and to test whether these relations change with age across early and mid-adolescence.
Data from 76 participants who completed at least 2 years of the 3-year study are included in this report. Annually, participants ranging in age from 9.8 to 16.2 years completed three different time in bed (TIB) schedules each consisting of four consecutive nights of 7, 8.5, or 10 hours. Daytime sleepiness (multiple sleep latency test [MSLT]) and vigilance (psychomotor vigilance test [PVT]) were measured on the day following the fourth night of each TIB schedule.
Electroencephalogram (EEG)-measured sleep durations changed linearly with TIB. MSLT-measured daytime sleepiness decreased with longer TIB and increased with age. The TIB and age effects interacted such that the TIB effect decreased with age. PVT performance improved with longer TIB and improved with age, but the benefit that increased TIB conferred on PVT performance did not change with age.
These results seem paradoxical because daytime sleepiness increased but vigilance improved with age. The significant age effect on the relation between TIB and sleepiness compared to the lack of an age effect on the relation between TIB and vigilance performance suggests different rates of maturation in underlying brain systems. We interpret these findings in relation to our model of adolescent brain development driven by synaptic elimination.
关于青少年时期的睡眠需求是否会减少，目前存在相互矛盾的证据。我们采用剂量反应设计对此进行了纵向研究，以测试不同睡眠时间对日间嗜睡和警觉性的影响，并测试这些关系是否会随着青少年早期和中期的年龄变化而变化。
本报告纳入了 76 名至少完成 3 年研究 2 年的参与者的数据。每年，年龄在 9.8 至 16.2 岁之间的参与者完成 3 种不同的卧床时间（TIB）方案，每种方案均由 4 个连续的 7、8.5 或 10 小时的夜间组成。在每个 TIB 方案的第四天晚上之后的一天，测量日间嗜睡（多次睡眠潜伏期测试[MSLT]）和警觉性（精神运动警觉测试[PVT]）。
脑电图（EEG）测量的睡眠时间与 TIB 呈线性变化。MSLT 测量的日间嗜睡随 TIB 延长而减少，随年龄增长而增加。TIB 和年龄的影响相互作用，即 TIB 效应随年龄减小。PVT 表现随 TIB 延长而改善，随年龄增长而改善，但 TIB 增加对 PVT 表现的益处并不随年龄变化。
这些结果似乎自相矛盾，因为日间嗜睡随年龄增长而增加，但警觉性却随年龄增长而提高。TIB 和睡眠之间的关系与年龄的显著关系相比，TIB 和警觉性之间的关系与年龄无关，这表明大脑中潜在系统的成熟速度不同。我们根据我们的青少年大脑发育模型来解释这些发现，该模型由突触消除驱动。
