Supplementary General Sciences Department, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, 11835, Egypt.
Zoology and Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11651, Egypt.
Sci Rep. 2023 Oct 5;13(1):16802. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-43776-6.
Hyalomma dromedarii is an important tick species infesting livestock. This work evaluated the novel adulticidal, insect growth-regulating, and enzymatic efficacy of ethanol plant extracts of Aloe vera and Rheum rhabarbarum and their nanoemulsions against males and engorged females of the camel tick, H. dromedarii. The physicochemical properties of nanoemulsions were evaluated. The High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analyses indicated that the extracts contained polyphenols and flavonoids, which could enhance their acaricidal effect. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) of the nanoemulsions of A. vera and R. rhabarbarum were 196.7 and 291 nm, whereas their zeta potentials were - 29.1 and - 53.1 mV, respectively. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) indicated that nanoemulsions showed a regular spherical shape (less than 100 nm). Fifteen days post-treatment (PT) with 25%, the mortality% of A. vera and R. rhabarbarum were 88.5 and 96.2%, respectively. Five days PT, the median lethal concentration values of A. vera, R. rhabarbarum, and their nanoemulsions were 7.8, 7.1, 2.8, and 1.02%, respectively, and their toxicity indices were 91.02, 100, 36.4, and 100%, respectively. Their median lethal time values PT with 3.5% were 6.09, 5.09, 1.75, and 1.34 days, respectively. Nanoemulsions enhanced the efficacy of the crude extract 1-7 folds, 5 days PT, and accelerated their speed of killing ticks 2-4 times. The total protein and carbohydrates, Acetylcholinesterase, Alpha esterase, and Amylase were affected PT. The reproductive potential of engorged females was adversely impacted. In conclusion, the novel A. vera and R. rhabarbarum extracts were promising acaricides, and their nanoformulations enhanced their efficacies.
单峰驼血蜱是一种侵袭牲畜的重要蜱种。本研究评估了新型的杀成虫、昆虫生长调节剂和酶活性的乙醇植物提取物，包括库拉索芦荟和大黄，以及它们的纳米乳液对雄性和饱血雌性骆驼血蜱的效果。评估了纳米乳液的物理化学性质。高效液相色谱（HPLC）分析表明，提取物中含有多酚和类黄酮，可增强其杀蜱效果。库拉索芦荟和大黄纳米乳液的动态光散射（DLS）分别为 196.7 和 291nm，而其表面电位分别为-29.1 和-53.1mV。透射电子显微镜（TEM）显示纳米乳液呈规则的球形（小于 100nm）。处理后 15 天（PT），库拉索芦荟和大黄的死亡率分别为 88.5%和 96.2%。PT 后 5 天，库拉索芦荟、大黄及其纳米乳液的半数致死浓度值分别为 7.8%、7.1%、2.8%和 1.02%，毒性指数分别为 91.02%、100%、36.4%和 100%。PT 时 3.5%的半数致死时间分别为 6.09、5.09、1.75 和 1.34 天。纳米乳液使粗提取物的药效提高了 1-7 倍，PT 后 5 天，并使杀蜱速度提高了 2-4 倍。总蛋白和碳水化合物、乙酰胆碱酯酶、α酯酶和淀粉酶在 PT 时受到影响。饱血雌性的生殖潜力受到不利影响。总之，新型库拉索芦荟和大黄提取物具有潜在的杀蜱效果，纳米制剂可提高其药效。
