Gareh Ahmed, Hassan Dalia, Essa Asmaa, Kotb Saber, Karmi Mohammed, Mohamed Abou El-Hamd H, Alkhaibari Abeer Mousa, Elbaz Elzahara, Elhawary Nagwa M, Hassanen Eman A A, Lokman Maha S, El-Gohary Fatma A, Elmahallawy Ehab Kotb
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt.
Department of Animal and Poultry Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
Front Vet Sci. 2022 Jul 22;9:946702. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2022.946702. eCollection 2022.
Tick infestation remains one of the major health problems that affect the productivity and comfort of camels. The control of ticks mainly relies on using chemical acaracides. Limited information is available on the potential benefits and activity of various neem extracts on ticks. The present study investigated the acaricidal activity of neem seed extracts at different concentrations against developmental stages of the camel tick in comparison to Butox and diazinon. The acaricidal activity of three extracts, namely, hexane extract (HE), methyl chloride extract (MCE), and methanol extract (ME), of neem seeds () were tested at varying concentrations of 5, 10, 15, and 20% on engorged female ticks at days 1, 3, 5, 7, 12, 16, 20, 28, 37, and 43 after treatment (DPT). Interestingly, results of applying different neem seed extracts to engorged female ticks showed that the most effective extract was hexane at concentration 20%, causing 100% mortality at 1st day post-application, while methanol extract at 20% and dichloromethane extract at 20% caused the death of all ticks at 28th day posttreatment as compared to Butox 5.0 and Diazinon-60, which resulted in mortality of all ticks at 3 and 5 DPT, respectively. In addition, no mortality was reported with the application of aqueous extract (AE), which served as the control group. Furthermore, the neem hexane extract exhibited high efficacy against reproductive performance of female ticks, whereas no fertility or oviposition was reported at all of their concentrations. Additionally, no hatchability occurred using all neem extracts, except the aqueous extract, which showing no effect. In the present study, larvae responded more rapidly to the plant extracts, whereas mortality of all larvae was recorded at 24 h after treatment with 5% hexane. Taken together, this study pointed out that the acaricidal effect of hexane extract of neem seeds was more effective and could be economically used for controlling ticks.
蜱虫寄生仍然是影响骆驼生产力和舒适度的主要健康问题之一。蜱虫的控制主要依赖于使用化学杀螨剂。关于各种印楝提取物对蜱虫的潜在益处和活性的信息有限。本研究调查了与布托克斯和二嗪农相比，不同浓度的印楝种子提取物对骆驼蜱发育阶段的杀螨活性。对印楝种子的三种提取物，即己烷提取物（HE）、氯甲烷提取物（MCE）和甲醇提取物（ME），在处理后第1、3、5、7、12、16、20、28、37和43天，以5%、10%、15%和20%的不同浓度对饱血雌蜱进行了测试。有趣的是，将不同的印楝种子提取物应用于饱血雌蜱的结果表明，最有效的提取物是浓度为20%的己烷，在施用后第1天导致100%的死亡率，而20%的甲醇提取物和20%的二氯甲烷提取物在处理后第28天导致所有蜱虫死亡，相比之下，布托克斯5.0和二嗪农-60分别在处理后第3天和第5天导致所有蜱虫死亡。此外，作为对照组的水提取物施用后未报告有死亡情况。此外，印楝己烷提取物对雌蜱的繁殖性能表现出高效性，而在其所有浓度下均未报告有生育或产卵情况。此外，除水提取物无效果外，所有印楝提取物处理均未出现孵化情况。在本研究中，幼虫对植物提取物反应更快，用5%己烷处理后24小时记录到所有幼虫死亡。综上所述，本研究指出印楝种子己烷提取物的杀螨效果更有效，可经济地用于控制蜱虫。
