Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt.
Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt.
Ticks Tick Borne Dis. 2022 Sep;13(5):101995. doi: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2022.101995. Epub 2022 Jun 26.
The hard tick Hyalomma dromedarii is one of the most injurious ectoparasites affecting camels in Egypt and several other areas of the world. Hyalomma dromedarii engorged females were dipped in alcoholic extract of Citrullus colocynthis fruits at concentrations of 25, 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg/mL and then observed over four weeks following treatment. There was a marked increase in dead females following single treatment with the above concentrations, particularly for the two highest which caused ≥ 90% mortality. In addition, the extract caused rapid blood digestion in ticks as well as obvious decrease in their oviposition (40% oviposition for the highest concentration compared to 100% for the control group), hatchability (40-45% egg hatching across concentrations compared to 78% for the control group) and fertility index (0.32 compared to 0.56 for the control group). As the estimated LC50 and LC95 were recorded 63.84 and 1046.11 mg/mL, respectively, the study also revealed that dipping in 200 mg/mL of C. colocynthis alcoholic extract is sufficient to control H. dromedarii as it recorded >85% acaricide efficacy, so it might be selected to be the effective dose. Moreover, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was carried out on alcoholic extract of C. colocynthis fruits and detected its major constituents of decanoic, oleic, linoleic, carbamic and vaccenic acids which have acaricidal activities impacting tick feeding, digestion and survival. The combined effects of alcoholic extract of C. colocynthis fruits indicated by high mortality rate as well as decreased fecundity and reproductive efficacy supports its effectiveness as a promising management agent for the control of H. dromedarii.
边缘革蜱是危害埃及和世界其他几个地区骆驼的最具危害性的外寄生虫之一。将饱血的雌性边缘革蜱浸入浓度为 25、50、100、200 和 400mg/mL 的非洲甜瓜酒精提取物中，然后在处理后四周内进行观察。用上述浓度单次处理后，死亡的雌性蜱数量明显增加，尤其是在两个最高浓度下，死亡率达到≥90%。此外，提取物还导致蜱的血液消化迅速，并明显减少其产卵量（最高浓度下为 40%，而对照组为 100%）、孵化率（各浓度下为 40-45%的卵孵化率，而对照组为 78%）和繁殖指数（对照组为 0.56，而实验组为 0.32）。由于估计的 LC50 和 LC95 分别为 63.84 和 1046.11mg/mL，因此研究还表明，浸入 200mg/mL 的非洲甜瓜酒精提取物足以控制边缘革蜱，因为它记录了 >85%的杀蜱效果，因此可以选择该浓度作为有效剂量。此外，对非洲甜瓜酒精提取物进行了气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）分析，检测到其主要成分包括癸酸、油酸、亚油酸、氨基甲酸和vaccenic 酸，这些成分具有杀蜱活性，影响蜱的取食、消化和存活。非洲甜瓜酒精提取物的综合作用表现为高死亡率以及产卵量和生殖效率降低，支持其作为控制边缘革蜱的有前途的管理剂的有效性。
