Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Providencia, Chile.
Departamento de Nutrición y Salud Pública, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud y de los Alimentos, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile.
J Am Nutr Assoc. 2024 Mar-Apr;43(3):252-260. doi: 10.1080/27697061.2023.2263526. Epub 2023 Oct 6.
To associate breakfast consumption frequency with self-reported nutritional status and dietary patterns of Latin American university students by human development.
This was a cross-sectional, multicenter observational study. University students from 11 Latin American countries (Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Mexico, Peru, Paraguay, Panama and Uruguay) were invited to participate by answering an online self-administered questionnaire on food consumption and sociodemographic indicators, associations were investigated using logistic regression.
The logistic regression analysis showed significant associations between breakfast consumption and the crude model, models 2 and 3 in countries with very high and upper-middle/high human development. However, after adjustment in the most comprehensive model, the association is no longer statistically significant. In the fully adjusted model of the variables, a significant relationship was observed between breakfast consumption and both healthy and unhealthy dietary patterns. Specifically, students who typically consume breakfast exhibit greater consumption of oatmeal and fruits, as well as healthier dinner choices. Conversely, they exhibit lower consumption of fast food, sugary drinks, and juices. In particular, in highly developed countries, along with the mentioned foods, consumption of dairy was linked to breakfast consumption in a positive way, while alcohol consumption was negatively associated.
University students who eat breakfast on a regular basis maintain a healthier diet in comparison to those who do not, irrespective of their country's level of human development.
通过人类发展的角度，将早餐消费频率与拉丁美洲大学生自我报告的营养状况和饮食模式联系起来。
这是一项跨地区、多中心的观察性研究。来自 11 个拉丁美洲国家（阿根廷、智利、哥伦比亚、哥斯达黎加、厄瓜多尔、危地马拉、墨西哥、秘鲁、巴拉圭、巴拿马和乌拉圭）的大学生被邀请通过回答在线自我管理的食物消费和社会人口指标问卷参与研究，采用逻辑回归调查关联。
逻辑回归分析显示，在人类发展水平极高和中上/高的国家中，早餐消费与原始模型、模型 2 和模型 3之间存在显著关联。然而，在最全面的模型中进行调整后，关联不再具有统计学意义。在对变量进行完全调整的模型中，早餐消费与健康和不健康的饮食模式之间存在显著关系。具体而言，通常吃早餐的学生 oatmeal 和水果的摄入量更大，晚餐的选择也更健康。相反，他们快餐、含糖饮料和果汁的摄入量较低。特别是在高度发达的国家，除了提到的食物外，早餐消费与乳制品的摄入呈正相关，而与酒精消费呈负相关。
与不吃早餐的学生相比，无论其所在国家的人类发展水平如何，定期吃早餐的大学生饮食更健康。
