Hannuksela M
Allergy. 1979 Feb;34(1):5-10. doi: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.1979.tb01994.x.
The patch test and chamber test are the ordinary methods for detecting delayed type contact allergies. The method, test substances and criteria of positive reactions are already well standardized. Open testing is also used for problematic chemicals such as strong topical medicaments, emulsifiers and propylene glycol. The many problems of standardization are still unresolved in photocutaneous testing. Some chemicals are applied to the skin without occlusion, though the chamber test or patch test methods are used with most of them. The composition of the vehicle and occlusion time vary greatly from one photosensitizing substance to another. A xenon arc is recommended for screening any photosensitizers but fluorescent black light tubes are sufficient for routine clinical use. Type I contact allergies are far more common than was previously believed, especially among people allergic to birch pollen. This type of reaction and other forms of contact urticaria can be examined using the scratch chamber or scarification chamber techniques as well as with an open test on diseased or scratched (scarified) skin.
斑贴试验和皮内试验是检测迟发型接触性过敏的常用方法。该方法、试验物质及阳性反应标准已得到很好的标准化。开放性试验也用于诸如强效外用药物、乳化剂和丙二醇等有问题的化学物质。光皮肤试验中许多标准化问题仍未解决。一些化学物质不进行封包就应用于皮肤，不过大多数情况下还是采用皮内试验或斑贴试验方法。赋形剂的成分和封包时间因光敏物质不同而有很大差异。推荐使用氙弧灯筛查任何光敏剂，但荧光黑光灯管用于常规临床使用就足够了。I型接触性过敏比以前认为的要常见得多，尤其是在对桦树花粉过敏的人群中。这种类型的反应和其他形式的接触性荨麻疹可以使用划痕皮内试验或划破皮内试验技术以及在患病或划破（划痕）的皮肤上进行开放性试验来检测。
