Chao Xiang, Li He, Wang Tie-Shan, Pan Yan-Shu
School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 100029, China.
First Clinical Medical College of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 100700, China.
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2023 Sep;48(18):4884-4892. doi: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20230614.602.
Allergic rhinitis(AR) is a common chronic inflammatory disease of the upper respiratory tract. Due to its high prevalence, high recurrence rate, and lack of a definitive cure, it is considered a global health issue by the World Health Organization. The pathogenesis of AR is complex and mainly involves B cells, helper T cells, eosinophils, basophils, macrophages, as well as the cytokines and inflammatory mediators they secrete. Clinical treatment primarily focuses on inhibiting inflammatory mediators such as histamine and leukotrienes. In recent years, active ingredients of animal-derived traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) have shown unique advantages and potential in AR treatment thanks to their high safety, specificity, selectivity, and biopotency. This study systematically reviewed the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of active ingredients and mixed extracts from animal-derived TCM, such as bovine spleen, honeycomb, bee venom, maggot, and human placenta, which have been shown by modern pharmacological research to regulate the immune function in AR, providing a reference for further exploration and clinical development of active ingredients from animal-derived TCM. Studies have found that the active ingredients from animal-derived TCM can produce definite therapeutic effects in AR by modulating multiple immune balances in the body, with great clinical prospects. However, their mechanisms of action still require further investigation, and the quality control techniques for effective ingredients need to be improved. Currently, the research on active ingredients from animal-derived TCM in China has adopted an interactive system consisting of "traditional medical experience-based research, bioinformatics and artificial intelligence predictions, and validation and development through new experimental techniques". Based on this system, animal-derived TCM can combine modern scientific and technological means to maximize the therapeutic effects of active ingredients and serve the clinical application of AR in a more efficient and innovative manner.
变应性鼻炎（AR）是一种常见的上呼吸道慢性炎症性疾病。由于其高患病率、高复发率且缺乏根治方法，被世界卫生组织视为全球性健康问题。AR的发病机制复杂，主要涉及B细胞、辅助性T细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、嗜碱性粒细胞、巨噬细胞，以及它们分泌的细胞因子和炎症介质。临床治疗主要集中于抑制组胺和白三烯等炎症介质。近年来，动物源中药的活性成分因其高安全性、特异性、选择性和生物活性，在AR治疗中显示出独特优势和潜力。本研究系统综述了动物源中药如牛脾、蜂巢、蜂毒、蛆和人胎盘的活性成分及混合提取物的治疗作用和机制，现代药理学研究表明这些成分可调节AR中的免疫功能，为进一步探索和临床开发动物源中药活性成分提供参考。研究发现，动物源中药的活性成分可通过调节体内多种免疫平衡在AR中产生确切治疗效果，具有广阔临床前景。然而，其作用机制仍需进一步研究，有效成分的质量控制技术也有待提高。目前，我国对动物源中药活性成分的研究采用了一个由“基于传统医学经验的研究、生物信息学和人工智能预测以及通过新实验技术进行验证和开发”组成的交互系统。基于该系统，动物源中药可结合现代科技手段，最大限度发挥活性成分的治疗效果，以更高效、创新的方式服务于AR的临床应用。
