Graduate Program in Human Nutrition, Faculty of Health Science, Center for Epidemiological Studies in Health and Nutrition (NESNUT), University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil.
Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Science, Center for Epidemiological Studies in Health and Nutrition (NESNUT), University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil.
Front Public Health. 2023 Sep 22;11:1051499. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1051499. eCollection 2023.
Evaluating the food consumption of school-aged children is crucial to monitor their dietary habits, promote targeted interventions, and contribute public policies that aimed healthy eating. In this context, our objective was to develop and validate the Illustrated Questionnaire on Food Consumption for Brazilian Schoolchildren (QUACEB) of 6 to 10 years old, which is a self-reported illustrated recall.
Validity was obtained in four stages as follows: selection of foods, validation of items, validation of illustrations, and pretest. Foods were selected by considering the data from the main surveys that have been conducted with the Brazilian population and schoolchildren in recent years, the degree of food processing, and the main foods from each of the country's five macroregions. The content of the items was validated by comparing the children's and their parent's responses. For this, the questionnaire was published in an online format, and 6- to 10-year-old elementary schoolchildren were recruited using the snowball technique. The first part of the questionnaire was answered by the parent after the child's lunch, and the second was completed by the child the following day. Thirty-two parent and child dyads participated. Sensitivity, specificity, area under the curve (AUC), and kappa (k) tests were performed.
Of the 30 foods presented on the questionnaire, 15 were reported as consumed. High sensitivity (mean of 88.5%), high specificity (average of 92.0%), substantial agreement ( = 0.78), low disagreement (6.2%), and AUC of 0.90 were found. The illustrations were validated in a focus group with fourth-grade children from a school chosen for convenience. The food illustrations were designed for children, who were asked to name the food. Eighteen children participated and verified that the images were representative of the foods. In the pretest, three schools were chosen for convenience that announced the link to the online questionnaire in WhatsApp groups of parents with students from first to fifth grade. Fifteen children answered the questionnaire and 86.7% ( = 13) judged it excellent or good.
Thus, the food consumption questionnaire is valid for elementary schoolchildren of 6 to 10 years old and can be applied in research to assess the dietary patterns of children in Brazil.
评估学龄儿童的食物摄入量对于监测其饮食习惯、促进有针对性的干预以及制定旨在促进健康饮食的公共政策至关重要。在这种背景下，我们的目标是开发和验证适用于巴西 6 至 10 岁儿童的《食物消费直观问卷》（QUACEB），这是一种自我报告的直观回忆法。
有效性是通过以下四个阶段获得的：食物选择、项目验证、插图验证和预测试。选择食物时考虑了近年来针对巴西人口和学龄儿童进行的主要调查数据、食物加工程度以及该国五个宏观区域的主要食物。通过比较儿童及其父母的回答来验证项目的内容。为此，将问卷以在线形式发布，并使用滚雪球技术招募 6 至 10 岁的小学生。问卷的第一部分由家长在孩子午餐后回答，第二部分由孩子第二天完成。共有 32 对家长和孩子参与了研究。进行了敏感性、特异性、曲线下面积（AUC）和kappa（k）检验。
问卷上呈现的 30 种食物中，有 15 种被报告为食用。发现该问卷具有较高的敏感性（平均 88.5%）、特异性（平均 92.0%）、高度一致性（ = 0.78）、低度不一致性（6.2%）和 AUC 为 0.90。插图在一个方便选择的学校的四年级儿童焦点小组中进行了验证。这些食物插图是为孩子们设计的，他们被要求说出食物的名称。有 18 名儿童参与并验证了这些图像代表了这些食物。在预测试中，为方便起见，选择了三所学校，在有 1 至 5 年级学生家长的 WhatsApp 群组中发布了在线问卷的链接。有 15 名儿童回答了问卷，其中 86.7%（ = 13）认为它极好或很好。
因此，该食物消费问卷对 6 至 10 岁的小学生是有效的，可以应用于研究中，以评估巴西儿童的饮食模式。
