Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 Nov;30(51):110069-110078. doi: 10.1007/s11356-023-30067-w. Epub 2023 Oct 10.
This review discusses the application of bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) and modified BNC in treating wastewater containing heavy metals and dye contaminants. It also highlights the challenges and future perspectives of BNC and its composites. Untreated industrial effluents containing toxic heavy metals are systematically discharged into public waters. In particular, lead (Pb), copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), and arsenic (As) are very harmful to human health and, in some cases, may lead to death. Several methods such as chemical precipitation, ion exchange, membrane filtration, coagulation, and Fenton oxidation are used to remove these heavy metals from the environment. However, these methods involve the use of numerous chemicals whilst producing high amount of toxic sludge. Meanwhile, the development of the adsorption-based technique has provided an alternative way of treating wastewater using BNC. Bacterial nanocellulose requires less energy for purification and has higher purity than plant cellulose. In general, the optimum growth parameters are crucial in BNC production. Even though native BNC can be used for the removal of heavy metals and dyes, the incorporation of other materials, such as polyethyleneimine, graphene oxide, calcium carbonate and polydopamine can improve sorption efficiencies.
本文综述了细菌纳米纤维素（BNC）及其改性材料在处理含重金属和染料污染物废水中的应用。本文还重点介绍了 BNC 及其复合材料所面临的挑战和未来展望。未经处理的工业废水含有有毒重金属，会被系统地排放到公共水域中。特别是铅（Pb）、铜（Cu）、镉（Cd）、镍（Ni）、锌（Zn）和砷（As）对人体健康危害极大，某些情况下甚至可能导致死亡。目前，已有多种方法可用于去除环境中的这些重金属，例如化学沉淀法、离子交换法、膜过滤法、混凝法和芬顿氧化法等。然而，这些方法在去除重金属的同时会使用大量化学物质，产生大量有毒污泥。同时，基于吸附的技术的发展为利用 BNC 处理废水提供了另一种选择。与植物纤维素相比，细菌纳米纤维素在净化过程中所需能源更少，纯度更高。一般来说，优化最佳生长参数对于 BNC 的生产至关重要。尽管天然 BNC 可用于去除重金属和染料，但加入其他材料，如聚乙烯亚胺、氧化石墨烯、碳酸钙和聚多巴胺，可提高吸附效率。
